OF THE LEAVES OF CERTAIN SPECIES OF VERONICA. 267 
herbarium material, shows the normal differentiation, but has few lacunæ in 
the spongy tissue. There is a layer of cells next the upper epidermis, with 
few chloroplasts, that appears to be a water-tissue. 
V. Lyallii, Hook. f. *. 
This is very much smaller than the preceding, but otherwise it is very 
similar. The spongy tissue, especially in herbarium material, has а con- 
siderable laeunar system. The epidermis is considerably thickened round 
the terminal hydathode. 
V. Ваш, Hook. 
This is very like V. Lyalliz, but has smaller leaves and shorter petioles. 
Glandular hairs occur on the lower side. The petiole throughout its length 
has a single bundle ; cork is present at its base. 
GENERAL CONCLUSIONS. 
Climate. 
In New Zealand there are two very different types of climatett. 
In the North Island and the western side of the South Island the climate is 
moist and warm, and such vegetation as Temperate Rain Forest { is developed. 
On the other hand, in the whole of the South Island east of the main chain of 
the Southern Alps the conditions are quite different ; the rainfall is much 
less and the average summer temperature low, with frequent dry winds. The 
following table is taken from Diels t:— 
West SIDE. | Easr SIDE. 
. | Auckland, Taraniki, Wellington, Nelson, Dunedin, Christchurch, Invercargill, 
Province ........ esl] XL N.I. Х.Т. &I S.I, 8.1. SIL 
Rainfall, cm, ............ 106 149 125 154 | 89 64 117 
„о winter... 61 52 51 7 | Bl 36 47 
‚„  %, summer... — 33 35 37 22 | B8 28 40 
| 
Average Temp., ° C. ... 15 12 13 13 | 10 12 10 
Diff. warmest and 89 87 82 95 85 104 94 
coldest months .. 
The result is a quite different type of vegetation on the east side. Forests 
are not extensive, and instead ‘“elfin-wood " and steppe conditions are 
developed ; the montane type of vegetation also comes down to much lower 
levels in this part t. The plants have become thoroughly adapted to these 
* Bot. Mag. t. 6450. T Diels (1897). t Schimper (1903). 
