FORMS OF FLOWERS IN VALERIANA DIOICA. 101 
more profusely branched male plant would tend to give rise, vegetatively, to 
a larger number of apparently separate plants than would the more compact 
female. 
From what has been said above, it will be clear that Valeriana dioica is 
not a favourable subject for experimental work which requires the rapid 
and accurate determination of the characters of large numbers of offspring. 
Other sources of difficulty lie in the fact that the plant is a perennial, and 
frequently does not flower until the third year, and also in that plants 
raised from seed in the garden have, in my experience, generally proved 
weakly and very liable to the attacks of Aphis, rarely ripening any useful 
quantity of good seed. It has therefore been decided to abandon the 
experimental work begun in 1905. Below I give a summary of such 
results as have been obtained. 
So far as they go, they indicate that :— 
(1) The cross (9 x g Long) may give, according to the individual plant 
used, either 
(а) Both of the parental types, and no others. The total numbers 
obtained here were 62 9,23 д L., or 2:52 : 1. 
(^) Female only, no male offspring. Three crosses gave 116 9,0 g. 
(c) Two erosses of this type are recorded as giving three types of 
offspring, viz. 22 9, 4 d L.,5 d Sh. But as these records were 
made before the great variation, which may occur in the flowers of 
the male plant, was fully realized, I do not wish to lay stress 
on them. 
(d) Male offspring only, occurred in one cross, viz. 0 $, 4 д Long. 
From the above figures the offspring of one cross are omitted, owing to 
the widely different types of flower borne on the same male plant (see pp. 98, 
99, and figs. 32-37). This cross gave 7 9,9 g. 
Taking into consideration only the sex of the offspring, we find that the 
above crosses give, in the cases where both sexes appeared among the 
offspring, 84 9, 32 g, or £62 : 1. 
(2) The cross (9 x d Short) may give, according to the individual plant 
used, either 
(a) Three types, viz. 9, d L. and d Sh. This occurred in one cross 
only, the numbers obtained being 30 $, 10 g L., 7 d Sh. 
(b) Both parental types, and no others. These occurred in the pro- 
portions of 37 9,10 d Sh. (In one of the male plants the style- 
was somewhat longer than usual, reaching type С.) 
(c) Female only, no male offspring. One cross gave 16 9,04. 
