THE MONTANE FLORA OF FIJI. 135 
New South Wales, Queensland, and New Caledonia, and adds a fifth to the 
four members of the family already found in the Archipelago. The Indo- 
Malayan element is represented among the new records by Ælatostema 
sessile, and in ferns by Trichomanes peltatum and Botrychium daucifolium, 
all widely spread in the Pacific, and recorded from Samoa. The universal 
Lycopodium clavatum, abundant on dry open hillsides about Nadarivatu, also 
occurs in Samoa. 
Of the new species, the most interesting are the large-flowered Ælæwocarpus 
Kambi (a handsome forest tree), two species of Polyscias and one of Plerandra, 
and Discocalyx fusca, very near the Tongan D. Lister’. In Piperaceæ, 
Piper and Peperomia are well represented in Malaya, but only four species 
of the former and two of the latter were known from Fij. I was much 
struck by the important part played by species of Piper in the undergrowth 
of the forest, and attempted to collect the various varieties, all of which were 
then in flower. Eight were obtained, of which M. С. de Candolle, who 
very kindly worked them out, found five to be very well-defined new species, 
P. Gibbsie and P. oxycarpum being interesting from their hairy ovaries—a 
very rare character in the genus. In Peperomia, of the seven species 
collected, all proved new; P. Gibbsie, P. flavida, and P. lasiostigma are 
partieularly marked by their spikes being inserted in the axils of imperfect 
leaves—a point shown in two other species recently received by him from 
New Guinea, which otherwise entirely differ from the above. 
In Orchids, out of 17 collected 9 were new, and of these, three, viz. 
Phreatia vitiensis, Glomera Gibbsiw, and Anwetochilus vitiensis, are in genera 
new for Fiji. This result can in no wise be considered a representative one, 
for Sir Everard im Thurn informed me that the late summer months was the 
Orchid flowering-season, and exceptionally few bloom in the spring. 
In contrast with the other new species, in which, with two exceptions, the 
affinity is Indo-Malayan, these Fijian Orchids, Mr. Rolfe informs me, show 
a deviation from their congeners. They belong to Malayan genera, but 
show peculiar specialization on lines not apparent in the other Pacific 
regions. 
In the Mosses the affinity, so far as we know, is chiefly Samoan, though a 
few extend to New Caledonia, the New Hebrides, and E. Australia. Graeffe 
made large collections of mosses and liverworts in Fiji and Samoa, and many 
of my species are identical with his. In liverworts, Treubia bracteata is an 
interesting record. Originally discovered by Goebel in Java, this magnificent 
genus is common in the northern portion of the North Island of New Zealand, 
and the above species is recorded by Reinecke* for Samoa. Dendro- 
ceros javanicus, of Malayan distribution, and known from Tahiti and the 
* Reinecke, F., * Die Flora der Samoa-Inseln," Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xxiii. (1897) pp. 237- 
368, t. 4-5. 
