290 MR. A. HENRY ON ELM-SEEDLINGS 
On Elm-seedlings showing Mendelian Results. 
By AvavsrINE Henry, M.A., FLH. 
(PLATES 20-24 and 2 Text-figures.) 
[ Read 7th April, 1910.) 
THERE are two species * of Elms in the British Isles—Ulnus montana, With., 
often found in woods throughout England, Scotland, and Ireland ; and Ulmus 
glabra, Miller, rarely if ever found in woods, and limited as a common tree 
to hedgerows and parks in the east of England, and also somewhat prevalent in 
Cornwall and the south of Ireland. Т regard the latter species as the elm 
which flourished in prehistoric times in the forests of the alluvial lands with 
better soil, now given up to agriculture. In France ў, Germany, Belgium, 
and Denmark this tree is rare in woods, becoming a component of the forests 
further south, as in the alluvial lands of the Danube. The elm of the 
Mediterranean region is a distinct race, much more pubescent than true 
U. glabra. 
The main differences between the two species of elms may be tabulated as 
follows :— 
U. montana. U. glabra. 
Branchlets stout, pubescent, remaining Branchlets slender, nearly glabrous, 
smooth in the second year. becoming striated in the second 
year. 
Leaves large, thick in texture, very Leaves small, very thin in texture, 
pubescent especially on the upper glabrous on the upper surface, with 
surface, with short stalks. long stalks. 
Seed in the centre of the samara. Seed near the upper edge of the 
samara. 
The tree rarely suckers. The tree suckers freely. 
Both these species are wide-branching trees, and are known by the same 
name—wych-elm—in the east of England. 
In addition to these two species, there are many so-called varieties of 
elms, some of which are considered to be varieties of U. glabra, others being 
supposed to be distinct species. 
* The correct nomenclature of the Elms is still uncertain ; and the names used here are 
well-known ones, not necessarily those which I shall ultimately adopt. 
t Iam not concerned in this paper with the third European species, U. pedunculata, 
Foug., which belongs to another section, and is almost indistinguishable from U. americana, 
Linn., of North America. 
