SHOWING MENDELIAN RESULTS. 291 
The most remarkable of these is the “ English elm," the U. campestris of 
English botanists and foresters. It is confined to hedgerows in the south of 
England, has a distinct habit, possesses a reddish wood unknown in other elms, 
and rarely produces fertile seed *. It has pubescent branchlets and leaves, 
the latter being different in shape from those of U. glabra, but with long 
stalks. The tree is unknown on the Continent. In branchlets and leaves 
it strongly resembles the southern elm, that on which the vine is trained 
in northern Italy. On this account it is supposed to have been introduced 
at an early period into Britain either by the Romans or by the monks, 
when they were importing the vine into this country. I am at present 
investigating its possible relation to the southern or Italian elm ; but am 
inclined, nevertheless, to the opinion that it is, like the other varieties of elm 
in England, one of the descendants of the first eross between the two species, 
possibly due to a second hybridisation of some of these descendants with 
U. montana. 
The Huntingdon elm (Ulmus vegeta) is commonly looked upon as a hybrid, 
and I consider it to be the first cross between U. glabra and U. montana, 
though this is not certain, but may be proved by experiments that we are making 
at the present time. The branchlets are stouter than in U. glabra and often 
do not become striated. The leaves resemble those of U. glabra in the absence 
of pubescence on the upper surface and in their long stalks, but are as thick 
as those of U. montana. The samarz are intermediate. This tree suckers 
freely, produces an abundance of fertile seed, and has a peculiar habit, the 
branches being very ascending. It is, like most first crosses, extraordinarily 
vigorous, growing faster than any other elm. This is well seen in tae 
Vietoria Park, Bath, where nearly forty kinds of elms were planted about 
1820. The Huntingdon elm there is twice as large asany of the other kinds. 
Loudon gives as an instance of its extraordinary vigour, that one planted 
only ten years in the Chiswick Garden had attained 35 feet in height. The 
Huntingdon elm originated as a seedling in a nursery at Huntingdon about 
1746-1756. I may here draw attention to the fact that the Huntingdon elm, 
like most first crosses in trees, leans much more to one of the parents than to 
the other. Most of the characters of U. glabra are dominant. The compara- 
tively large size of the leaf is due to vigour merely. 
A great many other kinds of elms are known, not only in cultivation, but 
arising spontaneously in hedgerows ; it would be easy around Cambridge to 
find in the hedgerows five or six very distinct varieties. Most of these elms 
have distinct habits and vary extremely in foliage. I may here point out, 
however, that the occurrence of trees with suberose branchlets appears to be 
* It produces samaræ as freely as the other elms, but its seed is nearly always imperfect. 
It is invariably reproduced in the hedgerows by suckers. 
