THE GENUS CODONOPSIS, WALL. 375 
The amount of variation in so small a genus, as is shown in the habit, 
leaves, and hairiness, which is here generally due to variation in habitat, is 
remarkable, but by far the most striking feature is the various combinations 
between the two outer floral whorls, and on this I have based the principal 
divisions of the genus. There are distinetly four—firstly, that with the calyx 
inferior and the corolla superior (fig. 1); secondly, where the calyx is semi- 
superior, the corolla still superior (fig. 2); thirdly, where the calyx and corolla 
are semisuperior (fig. 3); and fourthly, with the calyx superior (fig. 4). 
Fig. 1. Fig. 2. 
So far as I can ascertain, this case has not been clearly stated. before, but 
only passing allusions have been made toit. De Candolle, in his Monograph 
of the Campanulace in 1830, regards the calyx as an involucre, and I was 
inclined to that opinion myself at first. Those who have called it an involucre 
have regarded the calyx to consist of a slight rim or ridge running round the 
corolla at the point where the latter leaves the ovary. 
The following facts support the view that these members form the true 
ealycine whorl. On sections being taken through the corolla the rim or ridge 
can be seen to be in direct continuation with the rest of the corolla, and 
