376 MR. T. Е, CHIPP$ A REVISION OF 
there does not appear to be any traee of an abortive whorl. Moreover, the 
ridge is not visible in living flowers until the corolla is somewhat faded or 
pressed, and is merely an infolding of the lower part of the corolla-tube above 
a thickened basal portion. Again, the varying positions of the calyx are to 
be somewhat expected, as in some specimens examined. the calyx-lobes were 
seen to be inserted in a distinct spiral and not in a whorl, showing that the 
insertion of each calyx-lobe is liable to vary. Another point in support of 
this is its position with regard to the other Нога] whorls. Its lobes invariably 
alternate with the corolla-lobes and are opposite to the stamens, while with an 
involucre one would rather expect its members to alternate with the ealyx- 
lobes and so be opposite the corolla. Тһе venation also is quite normal and 
does not point to any suppression of parts. There is therefore the calyx 
inferior, semisuperior, and superior. Similar cases are to be found in Cam- 
рапитеа, in several of the Goodeniaces, and in Lagenocarpus of Ericacem 
(see Fl. Cap. vol. iv. p. 417). 
The corolla beyond the varying adnation of the base of the tube is more or 
less constant. In one species, however, it is so deeply cleft as to give it the 
appearance of a polypetalous corolla. In one or two species also it possesses 
a projecting rim, generally marking a delimitation in colour, about halfway 
down on the inner side, 
The colour of the corolla would suggest the mode of pollination in some 
species. For this purpose the genus might be separated into those with 
bright blue or other highly attractive colours, and those with a dull red or 
lilac inside and a glaucous green outside. Of the latter I have observed one 
or two Interesting points, especially in connection with С. lanceolata. In all 
the species the outside of the stigma-lobes is densely scabrid, and in the 
species under observation it was noticed that when the pollen is ripe—that is, 
before the stigma-lobes are open—the anthers are closely applied to this part 
of the stigma, after which they resume their normal positions against the 
corolla, but leaving their pollen on the outside of the stigma. Further homo- 
logous cases are mentioned and discussed under the heading of “ Autogamy ” 
in Kerner & Oliver’s Nat. Hist. Plants, vol. ii. p. 361. The dise of the flower 
at first is glistening with honey, and one in variably finds two or three ants 
inside. These points, coupled with the fact that these flowers generally have 
a rank smell, would suggest that they are pollinated by ants, Hies, and such 
insects. Similar circumstances in other campanulate flowers are mentioned 
by Kerner & Oliver, l.c. p. 163. The dise of the flower is frequently marked 
with a pentagon of a different colour, so that the 
inside of the flowers is often very effective. 
The roots of one of the species, Codonop 
others in a less degree, are extensively 1 
minute colouring of the 
sis Tangshen in particular, and 
ised in China for medicinal purposes 
owing to their * tonic and aphrodisiae properties" Full aecounts of this 
have already appeared in Hooker's * Icones Plantarum,' +. 1966, and т the 
