14 MR. G. D. HAVILAND: REVISION OF THE NAUCLEES. 
one of four hard, white, nut-like bodies, which are hollow from 
below and occupy the top of the ovary in fruit. Nauclea macro- 
phylla of Roxburgh is closely allied to it, though the placenta 
is not bifid above, nor are the nut-like bodies present; it is not 
a Nauclea as the genus is now known and must be classed with 
Anthocephalus. The large stipules enfolding the bud dis- 
tinguish at once both species of Anthocephalus from any other 
species of the Tribe. 
All the species of Sarcocephalus have large arils to the seeds. 
The African species is usually placed in a separate section on 
account of the deciduous tips to the calyx-lobes; but the Asian 
S. cordatus has very similar tips, which, though not quite so 
caducous, do for the most part fall away. The really distinctive 
character of the African species is that the placentas are cen- 
trally attached and the seeds are ovoid and superposed; whilst 
in the Asian species the placentas are pendulous and the seeds 
are irregularly flattened and all imbricate downwards, though in 
S. cordatus there seems to be some variation. The Asian species 
fall into two sections—those in which the stipules are inter- 
petiolar and deciduous, and those in which the stipules are 
amplexicaul and persistent. The latter section includes only 
two species. In the ‘ Flora of British India’ they are left under 
Nauclea; but they must be placed under Sarcocephalus on 
account of the spindle-shaped stigma, the united ovaries, and 
the character of the seeds; in the persistent stipules they 
resemble S. esculentus, and in the large hairy persistent calyx- 
lobes they resemble Anthocephalus. 
The former section consists of species which exhibit local 
differences and often graduate into one another, and in order to 
avoid confusing the synonymy I shall follow Miquel as closely as 
I can. I divide the section into two: in the one I place plants 
allied to S. cordatus, with large leaves and stipules, approaching 
S. esculentus in habit; and in the other I place plants allied to 
S. subditus, with smaller leaves and stipules, and approaching the 
genus Nauclea in their habit. 
The distribution of the genera Anthocephalus and Sarco- 
cephalus is singularly like that of Mitragyna, for they too stretch 
from New Guinea to the West Coast of Africa. This, on 
account of the peculiar structure of the stigma in either case, is 
somewhat remarkable. Anthocephalus macrophyllus is from the 
Moluccas; Anthocephalus indicus from India and Western 
