236 SIR JOHN LUBBOCK ON 
URTICACER. 
Ulmus campestris, Linn. (Common Elm).—The buds (fig. 42) 
of the English Elm are oval in form. The scales are arranged 
alternately and distichously, and consist of stipules. Each of the 
outer scales consists of a pair of connate stipules. 
Figs. 42-55. 
[ 
hi 
Ulmus campestris. 
42. Terminal bud, showing seven scales. 
43. The first scale. 44. The second scale. 
45. The third scale. 46. The fourth scale. 
47. The fifth scale. 48. The sixth scale. 
49. The seventh scale. 50. The eighth scale. 
51. The ninth scale, showing fusion, which is unusual. ich 
52. o.st, outer stipule with a portion removed to show the leaf, 4 vbi 
comes next in order; i,s¢, inner stipule. 
53. o.sf, outer stipule; Z, leaf ; i.st, inner stipule. All are separated 
outline. 
54. o.st, outer stipule: 7, leaf; 7.st, inner stipule. 
55. o.st, outer stipule ; /, leaf; i.s/, inner stipule. 
to show 
The outer four stipular scales are coriaceous, dark brow? 
brittle, more or less ciliate towards the apex, and in the case ° 
terminal buds serially continuous with those of the previous J T 
Owing to their being connate, however, the single piece occup'® 
the position of the leaf which, if present, would be between ae 
These four scales do not elongate in spring, being praeter 
dead ; they usually split at the apex into four or five teeth. lly 
The first scale (fig. 43) is widely triangular and eur 
acutely cuspidate. The second (fig. 44) is nearly orent 
