238 SIR JOHN LUBBOCK ON 
side of the branches or shoots bearing them. The leaves are all 
conduplicate in bud, acuminate, and penninerved, with closely 
approximate nerves in the bud. The two halves of the leaf are 
unequal, but this is scarcely discernible in bud. The broader 
half lies next the axis, as in the Lime. 
The leaves of the Elm are in two ranks, and the scales follow 
the same plan. 
Now if the stipules were not connate, they would be in four 
ranks as in the Beech, two ranks on each side of the stem, 
whereas there is actually only one rank on each side of the stem 
—that is, two ranks in all. 
As the leaves come out the shoot curves down, and the stipules 
form arched hoods over the young leaves. They are often bright 
pink and very pretty. 
Ulmus montana, With. (Wych Elm).—The exposed parts of the 
outer scales are dark brown, the covered portion much paler. They 
are, as a rule, more or less notched at the end. The inner ones 
pass gradually into pink, greyish green at the base. The young 
bud (P1.14. fig. 1) isin a line with the branchlet, but as it expands it 
turns downwards and hangs at right angles to it (Pl. 14. figs. 2,3,4) 
When the young shoot has reached the stage shown in fig. 3, any 
slight touch is sufficient to detach the outer scales. A few days 
later the pink scales also begin to wither and fall off. The leaves 
then rise up again and assume their permanent position. 
Humulus Lupulus, Linn. (the Hop).—The stipules (fig. 56) a 
connate in one interpetiolar piece, each half of which belongs t0 
different leaves of the pair at the node. 
Ficus pumila, Linn. (syn. F. repens, hort.).— Leaves alternate 
and distichous on the juvenile form of the plant, obliquely €?" 
date, obtuse, slightly scabrous, petiolate, stipulate. They change 
in the flowering stage of the plant, becoming very leathery 
densely netted. The early stages are creeping, the flowering stage 
is self-supporting, as in Hedera Helix. Petiole short, terete, 
slightly grooved above, not dilated at the base, thinly pubescent 
Stipules linear, acuminate, free, inserted all round the axis bu 
wider than their base and overlapping one another, enclosing . 
terminal bud, pale green or colourless, soon becoming pale brow” 
persistent or very tardily deciduous. They remain erect, € 
being concave and enclosing about half of the stem. 
