246 SIR JOHN LUBBOCK ON 
are smaller and have a leaf; this is about one-third as long as 
its stipules, concave on the inner face, and plicate along the 
course of the ascending lateral nerves. 
The thirteenth pair of stipules (fig. 74) are rather narrower, 
especially at the base. The leaf is about half as long as the 
stipules. 
The fourteenth pair (fig. 75) are much smaller, thinner, 
narrower, and unequal; the inner one being the smaller. The 
leaf is three-fourths as long as its stipules. 
The leaf (fig. 76) belonging to the fifteenth pair was longer 
and more bulky than the stipule. 
The next leaf (fig. 77) is large, deeply concave, or rolled into a 
cylinder, occupying the centre of the bud, and densely covered 
with silky hairs on both surfaces, but particularly on the back, 
as are all the others. 
The above description may be regarded as giving the average 
composition of the winter or resting bud of the Beech. Larger 
buds have a greater number of leaves and stipules; smaller buds 
fewer. Stronger shoots on vigorous young trees have more 
leaves, though the inner ones are very small or but slightly 
developed in winter. 
If the shoot is examined the sears where the stipules were 
inserted may be seen, forming rings (figs. 78, 79) round the base 
of each annual shoot. The shoot elongates considerably between 
the leaves, but not between the stipules, so that the stipular 
rings remain close together; these are very persistent, and can 
be traced for years. 
The long, narrow, brown stipules of the bud are thrown off 
when the leaves expand, and may be found in large numbers 
under the trees. The terminal bud is straight ; the lower ones 
stand out from and curve towards the twig. Before unfolding 
they tend to turn upwards, but afterwards bend down (pi. 15. 
figs. 2-6), as in the Elm &e. The leaves are plicate. 
The flowering-buds (Pl. 15. fig. 7) are much thicker than the 
others, ^. 
Carpinus Betulus, Linn. (Pl. 12. figs. 4 & 5).—The bud of M 
Hornbeam has at the base about half a dozen* very gmall dar ; 
scales, then two, pale at the base and brown above, rounded 3 
the apex, and sometimes with two points, then two or rt 
coloured like the preceding, but pointed ; then follows the » 
enclosing the first leaf. After these the stipules become longe? 
* I could not determine the exact number, as two or three had fallen. 
