256 SIR JOHN LUBBOCK ON 
The fifth leaf (fig. 112) is lanceolate aud very much smaller, 
but otherwise similar to previous ones. The sixth leaf covers 
the bud with the exception of a small slit at the base; but the 
seventh overlaps at its edges, completely enclosing the bud. The 
eighth leaf (fig. 113) is very small aud membranous. The ninth 
Figs. 109-114. 
1092 109 ð 110 n 
Willow (Salix alba). 
109. Anterior aspect of winter-bud covered with one scale. 1094. Posterior 
aspect of the same, showing the median thickened suture, s. 109b. Scales 
of winter-buds bursting along the suture on the posterior aspeet, showing 
the mass of leaves /, bent at the apex. l 
110. The first true leaf immediately inside the winter-scale. 
111. The second leaf. 113. The eighth leaf. 
112. The fifth leaf, - 114. The tenth leaf. 
leaf is membranous and almost glabrous ; while the tenth (fig. 114) 
is lanceolate, acuminate, subtransparent, glabrous, and minute. 
All these smaller leaves are completely convolute, and they 
gradually open at the edges as the younger members of the bud 
become more bulky. 
The stipules are minute or undeveloped in the winter-buds. 
The convolute vernation of the leaves, and their silky, densely 
ciliate character amply protect the younger members. The 
bursting of the winter-scale along the posterior face allows it to 
prolong its period of protection. 
Summary of the Winter-buds of Salix. 
I have been in some doubt with respect to the nature of the scale 
covering the winter-buds, but have come to the conclusion that 
this scale consists of two modified leaves, connate by ther 
margins along the median line of the posterior and anterior 
aspect of the bud respectively, and advance the following 
reasons :;— 
1. The scale in all the 11 species bursts along the p° 
face, generally to the base. Salix pyrifolia and 8. reticulata t 
exceptions, inasmuch as they generally split a little more thà 
sterior 
