BUDS AND STIPULES. 261 
midrib, and which seem to consist of the whole leaf modified, 
These are followed by a few oblong, obtuse, or subacute scales 
(figs. 127 and 128) that are still coriaceous, but elongate slightly 
in spring in the case of the inner ones. 
The innermost scales (figs. 129, 130, and 131) are as long 
as the bud, or nearly so; but after the resumption of growth 
they soon extend. beyond the coriaceous ones, keeping pace for a 
time with the elongating axis, and completely enclosing the young 
and true leaves. These inner scales elongate chiefly in the lower 
portion, which seems to correspond to the pedestal. They are, 
on the whole, more or less spathulate, but vary in form, and the 
apical portion seems to correspond to the lamina, because there 
is generally a trace of a joint or articulation. This apical portion 
8 slightly more coriaceous and browner than the long and very 
membranous lower portion. 
Some of the inner scales are more or less evidently trifid 
(fig. 130) or tridentate, the lateral lobes appearing to correspond 
to the shoulders seen below the pedestal of the normal and 
perfect leaf. The innermost scales (fig. 131) are suddenly 
videned at the apex, forming a hood or cap rolled round the 
pe of the bud and completely covering and protecting the young 
eaves, 
CYCADACES. 
Tn Cycas (Cycas revoluta, Thunb.) one tier of leaves is pro- 
duced every year, all developing simultaneously. The bud is 
Covered with a mass of imbricate pro-leaves or scales. The latter 
are subulate, elongate, ending in a spine, dilated and triangular 
i the base, densely covered with a pale brown, woolly felt, erect 
for wane in bud, ultimately spreading with age, but persisting 
ye ny years. Thus two sets of leaves are developed every 
year, each tier duly alternating. 
In Zamia also (Zamia Fischeri, Miq.) the buds are protected 
y numerous scales. 
Li HYDROCHARIDES. 
E Karst.—The sheaths are Inge mete 
but free at th ss, Intrapetiolar, connate in front of the p 
contained bud € other edges or readily separating when e 
Sheathing " or oldest leaf of it is about to expand, persistent, 
e termi, short axis, and alternating with the leaves. 
nal or crown-bud is covered by the sheath of the 
