MOUNTAINS OF EASTERN EQUATORIAL AFRICA. 393 



The localities from which Mr. Thomson's specimens were 

 brought are, with their elevations : — 



_..,. . Lat - Long. Elevation. Species. 



Kilimanjaro .... S. 3° 0'. E. 37° 30'. 9000-10,000 feet. 35. 



Lykipia N. 1°-S. 1°. E. 36° 37'. 6000-8000 „ 58. 



Kapte plateau .. S. l°-2°. E. 36° 3/'. 5000-6000 „ 34. 



Lake Naivaska. . S. 1°. E. 36°. /000-8000 „ 9. 



The subjects most worthy of comment indicated by a study of 

 these collections may be grouped as follows : — 



1. The number and affinities of the plants characteristic of 

 the European flora. 



2. The number and affinities of plants characteristic of the 

 South- African flora. 



3. The comparison of the Eastern Equatorial mountain-flora 

 with that of the western side of the continent. 



4. The affinity of the flora with that of the highlands of 

 Abyssinia. 



5. Origin of the flora as assumed from these data. 



1. The Northern or European Element. — Of the 107 genera 

 and 140 species of flowering-plants, no less than 27 genera, 

 including 37 species, are of a distinctly northern type, and com- 

 prise, amongst others, species of Clematis, Ranunculus, Anemone, 

 Delphinium, Cerasiium, Hypericum, Geranium, Trifolium, Lotus, 

 Epilobium, Caucalis, Galium, Scabiosa, Echinops, Artemisia, Son- 

 chus, Erica, Swertia, Bartsia, Leonotis, Rurnex, Juniperus, and 

 Romulea. And amongst the species are Cerastium vulgatum (two 

 forms), Caucalis infesta, Galium Aparine, Scabiosa Columbaria, 

 Sonchus asper, Erica arborea, and Rumex obtusifolius. 



Of the above, the following genera have not been hitherto 

 detected in South Africa:— -Delphinium*, Caucalis, Echinops*, 

 Artemisia *, Swertia, Bartsia, Leonotis *, and Juniperus *. Those 

 marked with an asterisk have not been found in the mountains 

 of Western Africa ; nor have the following:— Anemone, Lotus, 

 Epilobium, and Erica. Thus no fewer than 9 northern genera 

 are added to the Equatorial African flora by this small herbarium 

 alone. Of all these the Juniper is the most interesting, as indi- 

 cating the southern limit of that wide-spread northern genus, 

 and the fact of its actually reaching the Equator. The southern 

 limits hitherto ascertained of the genus Juniperus are .—In Asia 

 N. lat. 28°, in the Eastern Himalayas, where it is not found 

 under 8000 feet elevation ; in America it extends far lower down, 



