4G0 71. COMPOSITE : CYNAEOIDE.E. 



hills of south of Hingjing (Boss !) ; Shantung (Maingayl); 

 Coeea : Soul mountains (Carles !) ; Cobean Aechipelago (Old- 

 ham, 439 !). Mus. Brit. ; Herb. Kew. 



Mandshuria and Japan. 



Botanists have hitherto maintained A. ovata and A. lancea of 

 Thunberg as distinct species, though able to point out no more 

 tangible character than the colour of the flowers, and the state- 

 ments on this point are contradictory. 



1. Arctium Lappa, Linn. Sp. PI. ed. 1, p. 816, et ed. 2, p. 1143 ; 

 Hook.f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iii. p. 359. 



Arctium majus, Schkuhr ; Franchet, PL David, p. 177- 



Lappa major, Gcertn. Fruct. ii. p. 379, t. 162. f. 3; DC. Prodr. vi. 

 p. 661 ; Franch. et Savat. Enum. PI. Jap. i. p. 262 ; Franch. in Mem. 

 Soc. Sc. Nat. Cherbourg, xxiv. p. 229 ; Miq. in Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.- 

 Bat. ii. p. 185. 



Lappa edulis, Sieb. in sched. hb. Kew., et Miq. in Ann. Mus. Bot. Lvgd.- 

 Bat. ii. p. 185 ; Carr. in Rev. Sort. 1872, p. 280. 



Noeth and Centbal China, apparently common. Dr. A. 

 Henry sends both wild and cultivated specimens. Mus. Brit. ; 

 Herb. Kew. 



"Western Europe to Japan, and naturalized in many other 

 countries. 



1. Carduus crispus, Linn. Sp. PI. ed. 1, p. 821 ; DC. Prodr. 

 vi. p. 623 ; Maxim. Prim. Fl. Amur. p. 172 ; Franch. et Savat. 

 Fnum. PI. Jap. i. p. 257 ; Maxim. Lnd. Fl. Pek. in Prim. Fl 

 Amur. p. 473 (0. multiflorus, DC). 



Chihli : Peking (Bretschneider !) ; Shingking : Peiling and 

 other localities (Webster ! James !) ; Szechfen: above Chung- 

 king (Faber !). Mus. Brit. ; Herb. Kew. 



Europe and Northern Asia eastward to Japan. 



1. Cnicus arvensis, Soffm. Deutschl. Fl. ed. 2 (1804) ii. p. 130 ; 

 DC. Prodr. vi. p. 643 ; Maxim, in Mel. Biol. ix. p. 333 ; Franch, 

 et Savat. Fnum. PI. Jap. i. p. 262 ; Franch. in Mem. Soc. Sc. 

 Nat. Cherbourg, xxiv. p. 229, var. setosus. 



Cirsium arvense, Scop., var. setosum, Ledeb. Fl. Ross. ii. p. 734 ; 

 Kanitz, Bot. Res. Szech. Centr. As. Exped. p. 8. 



