71. COMPOSITE : CYNABOIDEJi. 461 



Chihli : near Peking (Bretschneider !). Mus. Brit. ; Herb. 

 Kew. 

 "Western Europe to Eastern Asia. 



2. Cnicus chinensis, Maxim, in Mel. Biol. ix. p. 331 ; Kurz in 

 Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1877, p. 203. 



Cirsium chinense, Gard. et Champ, in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. i. p. 323 ; 

 Walp. Ann. ii. p. 945 ; Benth. Fl. Hongk. p. 168. 



Cirsium oreithales, Hance in Walp. Ann. ii. p. 944 ; Seem. Bot. Voy. 

 ' Herald,' p. 394. 



Cnicus sinensis, Clarke, Comp. Ind. p. 219 ; Hook.f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iii. 

 p. 364. 



China : without locality (Fortune, 157 !) ; ~FoxTAOSA.(Swinhoe !); 

 Hupeh : Ichang, Patung and neighbourhood (A. BZenry !) ; 

 Kwangtung {Tate !) ; Hongkong {Champion ! and all other col- 

 lectors). Mus. Brit.; Herb. Kew. 



Eastern India and Birma. 



As Maximowicz suggests, this is almost certainly the same as 

 the Japanese Cnicus linearis, Maxim. (Mel. Biol. ix. p. 330), — syn. 

 Carduus linearis, Thunb. (Fl. Jap. p. 305), Spanioptilon lineare, 

 Less. (Syn. Comp. p. 10), Cirsium lineare, Schultz-Bip. (Linnaea, 

 xix. p. 335),— which Franchet records (PI. Dayid. p. 178) from 

 Kiukiang, remarking that the specimens connect the two sup- 

 posed species. Cnicus linearis would be the name to adopt for 

 the aggregate. 



[Carduus chinensis, DC. (Prodr. vi. p. 629),— syn. Carduus Ian- 

 ceolatus, Lour. (PL Cochinch. p. 482),— is described as having a 

 pilose pappus, and is therefore a species of Cnicus, and from the 

 description it is probably C. chinensis.] 



3. Cnicus japonicus, Maxim, in Mel Biol. ix. p. 322 (varie- 

 tates a-£) ; Franch. et Savat. Enum. PI. Jap. i. p. 260 ; Franch. 

 in Mem. Soc. Sc. Nat. Cherbourg, xxiv. p. 229. 



Cirsium japonicum, DC. Prodr. vi. p. 640; Hook, et Am. Bot. Beech. 

 Voy. p. 266. 



Carduus japonicus, Franchet, PI. David, p. 178. 



Cirsium Maackii, Maxim, in Prim. Fl. Amur. p. 172. 



Cirsium littorale, Maxim, loc. cit. p. 173. 



Cirsium brevicaule, A. Gray in Mem. Amer. Acad. n. s. vi. p. 396. 



Carduus acaulis, Thunb. Fl. Jap. p. 306, ex Maxim, in Mel. Biol. ix. 

 p. 322. 



Chihli : Jehol (David, 2068, ex Franchet) ; Shingking : Tali- 



