318 DR. E. DE FRAINE ON THE 
evidence afforded by anatomical structure. Further, after some months of 
growth the succulent part of the segment falls off, so that the basal part of 
the branches of a perennial form shows a woody stem without any trace 
of the fleshy coating; a similar appearance is seen, towards the autumn, in 
the larger annual species also. This “falling off" of the fleshy sheath he 
considers lends further support to his view as to its foliar nature. 
Dangeard *, in his researches on the structure of the Salicorniew, also 
came to the conclusion that in them there existed a foliar sheath with 
palisade tissue. Further, he stated that in Arthroenemum fruticosum Moq.t 
the sheath was distinct from the cortex throughout the internode. We have 
not, however, found this separation of sheath from internode in any of the 
species which we have examined. He attributes the formation of the sheath 
to the decurrence of the edges of the leaf down the stem; such a decurrence 
is a strongly marked feature in the alternate leaves of Aalidium foliatum, 
Moq., another member of the Salicorniese. —Monteil f, in his thesis on the 
comparative anatomy of the leaves of the Chenopodiacez, also adheres to 
the “foliar sheath” theory, and states that the Salicorniese “ne sont pas 
aphylles comme le prétendent certains auteurs, mais les feuilles sont 
opposées, soudées par leurs bords et recouvrent chaque entre-nouds, vers 
le haut duquel elles se séparent et s'isolent un peu en formant une saillie 
plus ou moins longue simulant une articulation.” He bases his observations 
on the four species “ S. herbacea, Т.” “S. fruticosa, Т? “S. patula, D.-J.," 
and * S. macrostachya, Moric.” 
The considerations which have led us to believe that the succulent 
“cortex” of the Salicornias is foliar in origin, will be dealt with under 
six heads :— 
1. The development of the shoot behind the apex. 
2. The anatomy, and the course of the vascular bundles. 
3. The structure of the flowering shoot. 
4, The leaf-fall. 
5. The morphology of the seedling. 
6. The morphology of species of allied genera. 
1. The Development of the Shoot behind the Apex. 
The apical bud of a vegetative shoot of Salicornia consists of a meri- 
stematic mass of tissue closely covered with a number of decussately arranged 
leaves (text-fig. 3, 1, p. 322). These leaves arise as small, pointed structures 
* Dangeard, P. A.: Bull. Soc. Linn. Normandie, sér. 4, ii. 1887, p. 93. 
+ This name includes Salicornia glauca, S. fruticosa, S. radicans, ete. 
t Monteil, P.: “Anatomie comparée de la Feuille des Chenopodiacées.” Thèse, Ecole 
supérieure de Pharmacie, No. 9, Paris, 1906, p. 124. 
