512 MR. С. BUCKNALL : A REVISION 
As stated on p. 493, it is clear that S. asperum, Lepech., must be included, 
with one or more other species, in Tournefort'* blue-flowered plant, and 
that his white-flowered plant is the one now known as S. orientale, Linn. 
Lepechin's description of 8. asperum, written about 1798 and published in 
1805, may be of interest. * Symphiti asperi nova species descripta ab 
Joanne Lepechin.—Radix perennis valde difformis magno volumine constans 
in varios lobos suleis divisa, undique fibrillas nigricantes sat tenues incur- 
vatas emittens, His ex lobis surgunt caules plures, altitudine 3-4 pedum 
fere æquantes, angulato-teretes ramosi sparsis spinulis hamatis obsiii. Folia 
inferiora cordata magna acuminata, fere sessilia, in medio costa elevata 
percursa, ex qua per latera disci foliorum exeunt rami apicibus suis continuis 
sureulis divisi colore albidiore plaga superiori intensa, inferiori vero 
dilute viridia, punctis albidis aspersa. Folia superiora opposita, petiolata, 
pedunculis brevibus semidecurrentibus ; cetera ut in foliis majoribus. 
Flores racemosi peduneulati ecrulei, quorum figura, structura partium 
genitalium, fructus, reliquia ut in Symphito officinali. Ние planta nostra 
definiri potest ut sic S. саше hamato-aspero, foliis infer. cordato-lanceolatis 
sessilibus, superioribus oppositis; Hab. in jugo montium Caucas. Rossici.” 
Lepechin's figure represents about 18 in. of the upper part of the stem. 
The leaves are ovate-acute, the largest about 12 x 5 cm., but only cauline 
leaves with branches in their axils are figured. The calyx is small with 
subobtuse segments. 
In the figure of S. asperrimum, Donn, in Bot. Mag. 929, the shortly 
petioled stem-leaf is broadly ovate acuminate, and the highest leaves are 
elliptic-lanceolate and subpetiolate, the flowers are large, red then blue, and 
the calyx small with subobtuse segments. It is said to grow to a height of 
5 ft., and the stem to be covered with small curved prickles, 
Marschall von Bieberstein adopts the name of Ж, asperrünum, with 
S. asperum, Lepech., asa synonym. He had seen specimens “ex Iberiá " 
(province of Tiflis), in Tournefort’s herbarium, and states that it is frequent 
in the whole of the Caucasus on the margins of streams ; that it is sometimes 
of the height of a man and much branched ; that the leaves vary in breadth 
and the Howers are blue. 
Ledebour in 1811 gives a brief, incomplete description of a plant which 
he calls S. echinatum, but later, in the ‘Flora Rossica,’ he says that this 
appears to be a variety of ©. asperrimum with shorter, less deeply divided 
calyx. 
In the same work Ledebour gives a more extended description of the 
plant as S. asperrimum, Sims, and for the first time describes the calyx- 
segments as * linear, obtuse, "—an important distinction between this species 
and S. peregrinum. 
De Candolle in the * Prodromus ^ still retains the name of S. asperrimum, 
