514 MR. C. BUCKNALL : A REVISION 
The specimen in Smith's herbarium is still more strongly tubercular- 
setose ; there 1х no mention of its origin. Ledebour s specimen, S. asperrimum, 
Bieb., in Herb. Kew., has a large stem-leaf measuring 20 x 10 em., and the 
upper ones are unusually broad. A plant “ех herb. hort. Petropolitani ” is 
more softly hispid, and has large flowers. Transplantation to a garden may 
account for the weaker clothing. Th. M. Fries’s S. orientale from Upsala 
has the calyx of S. asperum, but the leaves are large, thin, asperous and 
subdecurrent. Тһе latter character is perhaps due to hybridization with 
S. officinale. To the same cause may be attributed the variation in the form 
and texture of the leaves of the Swedish plants, but it is difficult to account 
for the abnormal forms which occasionally oezur even on this hypothesis, and 
it would require a careful study of the living plants to determine their real 
relations. That true ©. asperum is found in Sweden is shown by a plant 
named S. uplandicum, Nym., from Bergielund (F. Schultz, Herb. Norm. 
ser, 2, no. 557), in which the stem, pedicels, and calyx are strongly tuber- 
culato-setose, the leaves ovate-clliptic of moderate size, decreasing gradually 
upwards, the upper ones shortly petiolate, and the calyx-segments oblong and 
very obtuse. Plants named S. asperum from the Hunne Berg, Vestergótland, 
and Venersborg are similar. 
As regards British specimens, reference has already been made to the 
figure, Dot. Mag. no. 929, which is a broad-leaved form. Gideon Thompson’s 
plant from Stirling is similar. Babington’s 5. asperrimum, Bieb., was 
gathered by him in the Oakford Valley near Bath in 1834 ; by J. B. French 
between 1840 and 1850; and by T. B. Flower in 1868. Although the 
ealyx-segments vary in length, these specimens appear to be typical 
S. asperum. Flower in litt. states that “it grows to a height of 6 or 7 ft., 
and was introduced 60 or 70 years ago as fodder for horses ^; and Dr. Boswell 
writes in 1879—* I have examples from Bath, collected by Mr. French more 
= 
than 30 years ago, but it appears to be extinct there now ; though the 
dubious plant "^. uplandicun, Nym., or ^. peregrinum, Baker, still grows 
there.” During the years 1910-12 I have searched carefully in the Oakford 
Valley, without finding any plant approaching S. asperum, but S. pere- 
grinum grows there abundantly, with ©. officinale and several different 
hybrids between the two species. 
The form with large leaves was cultivated at Knutsford, Bowden, in 1862, 
and that with small elliptic leaves was collected by H. Barbey at Silverdale, 
Lancashire, in 1864. Dr. Boswell cultivated it (the Bath plant ?) at Balmuto, 
together with ©. peregrinum or the hybrid S. cæruleum, Petitm. Tt was 
gathered by A. Ley as S. orientale, Linn., at Lane End in 1881, and at Buck- 
land as S. asperum, Lepech., in 1894. The living plants sent by Mr. Lynch 
from the Cambridge Botanic Garden are comparatively small and slender ; the 
stems are more densely setose than in most native plants, and well illustrate 
