MR. G. BENTHAM ON COMPOSITA. 335 
Notes on the Classification, History, and feographical Distri- 
bution of Composite. By Grorar Bentham, F.R.S., P.L.S. 
[Prares VITI. to XT.] 
CONTENTS. 
Page Page 
F Introduction... eas 336 | 5. Helianthoidee ............ 431 
II. Comparative value of generic | 6. Helenioidez ............... 446 
characters ese 344 | 7. Anthemides e 450 
1. Sexual differences......... 344 | 8. Senecionideze. .. ............ 455 
2. Di- and trimorphism ... 348 | 9. Calendulaceæ ............ 463 
3. Differences in the Pistil 348 | 10. Arctohdem .- — aa 464 
4. in the Fruit......... 352 | 11. Cynaroidem ............... 466 
5. —— in,the Andrecium 358 | 12. Mutisiacem ............... 71 
6. in the Corolla ...... 363 | 13. Cichoriacese ............ + 475 
7. —— in the Calyx ...... 366 | B. Comparative antiquity of 
8. in the ultimate In- | races in Composite ...... 481 
florescence and bracts... 966 | C. Present regions or chief 
9. in the Foliage ...... 310 centres or areas of the 
10. —— in the Habit, sta- principal races of Com- 
ture, and general inflo- POSER. os eas 484 
FESCENCE .......... sss. Y | 1. General repartition of 
11. in the Geographical Composite between the 
distribution ............ 373 New and the Old World 486 
TIT. Sketch of the primary divi- Table 1. Repartition of Gen- 
sions of the order ...... 374 era in the two divisions 487 
1. Vernoniacese ............... 374 Table 2. Ditto of Species ... 487 
2. Eupatoriacem ............ 375 Table 3. Tropical connexion 
3. Asteroidem .:............. 376 of the two divisions as 
4. Tuulpidess e 377 indicated by identical or 
5. Helianthoidee ............ 379 closely allied genera ... 490 
6. Helenioidez............... 381 Table 4. Ditto as indicated by 
7. Anthemidese ............... 382 identical species ......... 493 
8. Senecionidem ............ 383 Table 5. Extratropical north- 
9. Calendulaces ............ 385 | ern eonnexion between 
10. Arctotidex  ............... 385 the two divisions......... 495 
11. Cynaroidesm ............... 387 Table 6. Connexions between 
19. Mutisiaces ............... 388 | South Americaand South 
13. Cichoriaces .............. 389 | AM ioo alb 501 
IV. History and geographical dis- | Table 7. Ditto between S. 
tribution ceee e 390 | America and Australia 503 
A. Distribution of the tribes i Table 8. Cosmopolitan genera 504 
and principal genera ... 393 | 2, Separate distribution of 
1. Vernoniacez ............... 393 | Compositz into regions 506 
2. Eupatoriacesm ............ 400 Table 9. Number of Compo- 
3. Asteroidem .............-- 402 sitze in the several Ame- 
4, Inicios |... ee 414 | rican regions ............ 507 
LINN. JOURN.—BOTANY, VOL. XIII. 25 
