PRIMARY DIVISIONS OF THE ORDER. 377 
with one or more outer rows of female florets rarely sterile; the 
disk-florets also most frequently fertile, although in a few genera 
constantly sterile, and in a few others the capitula are homogamous 
from the deficiency of the female florets. The receptacle is usually 
naked, pitted, or shortly fimbrillate, rarely bearing deciduous pales 
subtending the florets. The corollas of the female florets are some- 
times produced into a trimerous entire or toothed ligula, the two 
inner lobes of the limb entirely deficient; or the corollas are slender, 
shorter than the style and truncate at the end, or with a small 
two- or three-toothed limb; those of the disk are regular, the 
limb more or less dilated or campanulate, with five, rarely four, 
teeth or short lobes; they are usually yellow, whilst those of the 
ray are in some genera homochromous, in others heterochromous, 
and white or variously coloured. The authers are never without 
the normal terminal appendages to the connective, and either ob- 
tuse at the base or rarely sagittate with acute auricles, in a very 
few species mucronate, or almost produced into minute fine tails. 
The style-branches of the fertile disk-florets are more or less flat- 
tened, the marginal stigmatic series usually conspicuous, and 
beyond them a terminal papillose or hirsute appendage, sometimes 
very short and obtuse, more frequently triangular or lanceolate, 
occasionally narrow and elongated, almost as in Vernoniacez. 
Where the disk-florets are sterile, the style-branches are very 
narrow, or the style remains undivided. The achenes are usually 
small, flat, with nerve-like margins, or more or less five- or more 
ribbed, and becoming terete; rarely produced into a beak, still 
more rarely, if ever, winged. The pappus is usually setose and 
copious in one or more rows; in a few genera the sete are plu- 
mose, in others much reduced or very few, or absolutely none, 
rarely replaced or accompanied by small thin palee. 
4. Inuloidee. 
The tribe of Inuloidez, as we propose to restore them, are 
nearly the same as the Inulées of Cassini. They consist of 
De Candolle’s subtribes Spheranthee, Tarchonanthes, Pluchei- 
nes, Inulew, Cesulinez, and Buphthalmex taken from his tribe 
of Asteroides, and of the Angianthex, Cassiniew, Helichrysex, 
Seriphiee, Antennariex, Leysseriee, and Relhaniee subtracted 
from the Senecionidez. Their chief distinction from the two tribes 
they are thus withdrawn from consists in the basal appendages of 
the anthers, and in the absence of those terminal appendages to 
