PRIMARY DIVISIONS OF THE ORDER. 383 
heterogamous, with one or, in some Cotulez, several rows of female 
fertile, or rarely neutral and sterile, florets in the circumference ; 
the disk-florets fertile, or in a few small genera sterile; but there are 
also several genera in which the capitula are quite homogamous, 
the ray-florets being deficient. The receptacle is with or without 
pales»; when present, they are usually deciduous. The corollas 
of the outer florets are either short, slender, and minutely toothed 
at the summit, without any expanded limb, or more frequently 
produced into a trimerous, entire, or toothed ligula; the two 
inner lobes entirely deficient, or the whole corolla of the female 
florets reduced in some Cotuleæ to a small rudiment or entirely 
wanting: those of the disk are generally those of Asteroidex and 
Senecionidez, with four or five, rarely three, short teeth or lobes ; 
these disk-florets almost always yellow, the rays either homochro- 
mous or heterochromous (white or pink) in one and the same genus. 
The anthers have the normal terminal appendage, and are usually 
obtuse at the base, always without tails or distinct points. The 
style-branches of the disk-florets are more constant in their shape 
than in most tribes, truncate and usually penicillate at the end, 
except in the sterile florets of two or three somewhat anomalous 
monotypie genera, where they are slender; and whether truncate 
or not, they remain connate to the end in the sterile florets of a 
few genera. The achenes are usually rather small, often angular 
and truncate at the top, or those especially of the ray dorsally 
flattened or triquetrous and sometimes winged. The pappus is very 
commonly deficient; when present, reduced to a paleaceous ring 
or cup or oblique auricle, very rarely consisting of small distinct 
pales, passing, in one genus, almost into the sete of Senecionidez. 
8. Senecionidee. 
Our tribe of Senecionidez consists of the subtribe Senecionez of 
De Candolle, with the addition, first, of the Liabese and Tussila- 
gineze, taken from his Vernoniacez and Eupatoriacee respectively, 
on account of their heterogamous capitula with the florets most 
frequently yellow; and, secondly, of the Othonne:e, removed from 
Cynarez as not having the habit or characters of that tribe, the 
undivided style of the disk-florets being that of similarly sterile 
florets of most tribes. The anthers distinguish them from Inu- 
loidez, the pappus and habit from Helianthoidez and Helenioidee, 
the pappus and involucre from Anthemidez. 
The leaves of Senecionidez are very various—alternate in the 
LINN. JOURN.—BOTANY, VOL. XIII, 2r 
