886 MR. G. BENTHAM ON COMPOSITE. 
and Gorteriexz of De Candolle’s Cynaroidee, differing from those 
- we leave in the latter tribe in their heterogamous usually radiate 
capitula, in the absence of anther-tails, and, in some measure, 
in their styles ; and, secondly, of the genera Gundelia and Platy- 
carpha, withdrawn from Vernoniacez, of which they have neither the 
habit nor the styles nor any other important characters. Thus 
constituted, the Arctotidez: appear to form a connexion between 
Anthemides and Calendulacez on the one hand and Cynaroideze 
on the other. 
Arctotides are sometimes stemless or spreading herbs, more or 
less cottony-white or glabrous and Anthemis-like, sometimes with 
the prickly aspect of many Cynaroidex, occasionally assuming the 
common South-African small shrubby form. The leaves are 
always alternate or radical, often much lobed and sometimes 
prickly-toothed. The involucral bracts are imbricate in several 
series, free with the inner ones often scarious at the end in the 
subtribe Euarctotez, usually connate at the base, and hardening 
after flowering in the Gorteriex, pungent or prickly-toothed in 
many Gorteriez and in Gundeliew. The capitula are (with very 
few exceptions where the ray-florets are wanting) heterogamous 
and radiate, the florets of the ray in a single row and often sterile, 
and the disk-florets either all fertile or the inner ones, rarely all, 
sterile. In Gundeliee the ray-florets are wanting and the capi- 
tula collected in close clusters or compound heads, with more or 
less of a common leafy involucre. The receptacle is usually 
without pale, but in several genera very deeply honeycombed, 
the raised cells almost or quite enclosing the achenes, or, in one 
genus, truly paleaceous. The corollas of the female florets are 
always ligulate, with a trimerous spreading lamina, entire or 
toothed, the two inner lobes usually deficient, but occasionally 
appearing as two short or slender teeth; the disk-florets regular, 
with five or rarely four short lobes or teeth (as in Anthemidez); in 
most Euarctotew the limb deeply divided into narrow, often 
erect, lobes (as in Cynaroidezx) ; in most Gorteries and Gundeliex 
the disk-florets yellow, the rays homochromous or reddish or 
purple, especially outside. The anthers have the normal terminal 
appendage ; they are more or less sagittate at the base; the 
auricles sometimes obtuse, more frequently acute or produced 
into short points, without the distinct tails of most Cynaroidez. 
The style-branches of the perfect disk-florets are linear or oblong, 
long or short, usually obtuse and papillose outside, the papillz 
