388 MR. G. BENTHAM ON COMPOSITS. 
oblique, still longer and narrower, and more abruptly dilated from 
the tube. The anthers, with the normal terminal appendages, are 
sagittate at the base; and, with very few exceptions, the auricles 
are produced into fringed appendages or tails. The style is 
usually, as above mentioned, an abrupt thickening or change of 
texture or ring of hairs (called by Cassini an articulation) at a 
greater or less distance below the ramification, and is more or less 
papillose (not hairy) from that to the end: the branches are 
most frequently short, rather obtuse, and erect or at length 
spreading, sometimes reduced to a scarcely perceptible notch, 
sometimes longer and linear ; and in a few cases the external ring 
disappears and the branches are elongated and slightly dilated 
upwards so as to bring the style nearer to that of the Arctotidesw 
and of some Inuloidew. The achenes are usually thick and often 
hard, rarely flat or winged, and never beaked. The pappus most 
frequently consists of several, often numerous, rows of rigid sete, 
inereasing in length from the outer to the inner, or to the next to 
the inner, row, with sometimes an innermost row more definite in 
numbers and more paleaceous ; or the whole pappus may consist 
of this single row of definite or indefinite pales or sets, with 
very few or none at all of the outer sete; or the pappus may be 
reduced to short deciduous sete or palese or be entirely deficient. 
12. Mutisiacee. 
Our Mutisiacee correspond to the Labiatiflore, considered a 
suborder by several synantherologists, and comprise the Muti- 
siacee and Nassauviacee ot De Candolle, excepting, however, 
from the former the small group of Facelidee, which had been 
inserted by Lessing and retained by De Candolle for reasons not 
very. intelligible, and since correctly referred by Weddell to 
Gnaphaliee. They differ generally from Cynaroidee in the 
corolla of some or all the florets being more or less bilabiate, and 
the want of the rigid setz of the receptacle characteristic of most 
Cynaroidese ; but both characters have exceptions, and the precise 
limits of the tribe are difficult to fix in general terms. 
The habit of Mutisiacez is most variable, but very frequently 
shrubby, or almost stemless except the radical scapes ; the leaves 
alternate or radical, except in two monotypic genera, entire or 
toothed or pinnatifid, very rarely much divided or prickly. The 
involucral bracts usually imbricate in several rows, rarely forming 
a single row of equal bracts, with or without small outer ones, as 
