DISTRIBUTION OF TRIBES. 399 
Monosis, is now found to take place in so many and so various 
genera of Composite, that it is no longer held to be more than a 
specific character. 
The tribe of V ernoniacez is made to include several small groups 
or isolated species, which, although they have the general characters 
of the tribe, are not, as far as at present known, connected with 
the central Vernonia group by any gradation of intermediate 
forms; these are :— 
1. Elephantopus, somewhat related to Lychnophorez, will be 
further mentioned under the head of American genera with one 
cosmopolitan species. 
2. Sparganophorus, Pacourina, and Heterocoma, three mono- 
typic tropical American genera, connected with each other in in- 
florescence and in the development on the top of the achene of a 
prominent ring or cup, either alone constituting the pappus or 
encircling a pappus of small caducous bristles. The essential 
characters are truly Vernonian; and some approach to their 
peculiar inflorescence may be seen in a few species of Vernonia, 
Piptocarpha, Stilpnopappus dec. ; but of the terminal cartilaginous 
ring the only trace I have observed is in the Old- World Ethulia, 
very different in general character. 
3. Stokesia, a monotypic North-American genus, stands alone 
without any near relations. Its remoter affinities are on the one 
hand with Vernoniacex, of which it has the style and anthers, and 
under which it is therefore classed, and on the other with 
Cichoriacex, which it approaches in its blue almost ligulate and 
5-merous although deeply lobed corollas. It is the only genus 
not Mutisiaceous which shows any such connexion with that very 
marked tribe. 
4. Corymbium, a small South-African genus with the Vernonian 
style; but the habit, involucre, silky-villous achenes, and the pappus 
are very different from any thing else known in the tribe. No other 
nearer connexion, however, has occurred to me. 
5. Rolandra and Spiracantha, two monotypic tropical American 
genera, with very numerous minute 1-flowered capitula, collected 
in globular head-like axillary clusters, as in some Lychnophoreex, 
and perhaps on the whole best placed, as hitherto, amongst Ver- 
noniacee, although they have neither the characteristic style nor 
the corolla of the tribe, showing possibly some connexion, although 
a distant one, with some American small-flowered Helianthoidee 
or Helenioidez. 
LINN. JOURN.— BOTANY, VOL. XUI, 28 
