DISTRIBUTION OF TRIBES. 409 
other than to any other ones of their own respective countries, 
although in some respects Calotis may be compared to Minuria, 
and Bellis itself may be said to approach some Anthemidez in 
the Old World, and in the New World, through Aphanostephus, to 
pass into Egletes and the more tropical Grangea type. 
The distinct genus Lagenophora, allied on the one hand to the 
Bellis type of Asteroidez, on the other to the Cotula group of 
Anthemidez, has a more normal extratropical geographical area, 
having its chief seat in Australia, but one species extending here 
and there into S.E. Asia, and allied but distinct representatives 
being found in Antarctic America and the Sandwich Islands. 
The scattered distribution of the Bellis type of Asteroidez and 
of the closely allied Cotula type of Anthemidez, and the local 
endemic generic as well as sectional or specific types or races 
they have both or one of them left in each of the great centres of 
preservation of Composite, the Mediterranean, South-African, 
Australian, Chilian, and Mexican regions, might suggest the idea 
of comparative antiquity ; and if so, combining its consideration 
with that of the Helianthoidez, we might conjecture that in Com- 
positee the annihilation of the calyx-limb, or its reduction to a 
small cup or to a definite number of teeth or awns continuous with 
the ribs of the tube, preceded its development into a setose pappus. 
Under this view the parent type of the Bellidee and Cotules 
would in the Old World have become further differentiated into 
the tribe of Anthemidez, whilst in America its development would 
have been limited to the few nearly allied Grangeoid genera, being 
otherwise replaced by the more anciently separated Helenioid 
genera. 
4. The Grangea type, with usually more numerous and smaller 
female florets, less compressed achenes, dic. than the Bellis type, 
is much more tropical. It spreads over the warmer regions of 
Asia and Africa with a few American forms, which latter connect 
it more immediately with the preceding types. Inthe Old World it 
remains as distinct in geographical range as in structural character. 
A few of the genera, especially Alyriactis and Rhynchospermum, 
both of which extend rather further north than the others, have 
the achenes flattened, with nerve-like borders so common in the 
preceding types, but with the beak of Zagenophora. In the re- 
maining genera the achenes are more like those of the Anthemides 
of the Cotula type ; and, still more than the Belliex, the Grangex, 
by their pappus reduced to a small cup or corona or entirely de- 
