412 MR. G. BENTHAM ON COMPOSITE. 
Bradburia, Aphantochate, and Xanthisma, are exclusively North- 
American. Philippi’s two monotypic Chilian genera, Steriphe 
and Chiliophyllum, are unknown to me; and without having exa- 
mined them I cannot feel certain that they are really forms of 
the Solidago group distinet from any of the above. 
6. The Conyza type.—This is as intimately blended with the 
Erigeron series as that is with the Asters, preserving generally 
the small flat or narrow achenes and slender uniseriate pappus 
of Erigeron, but with a great reduction in size and increase in 
number of the female florets, these being shorter than the style, 
filiform, and truncate, or two- or three-toothed, rarely producing 
a small scarcely spreading ligula. But all these characters are 
vague. Conyza itself passes, on the one hand, into Erigeron, on 
the other into Laggera and Blumea, and in a third direction comes 
very near to Baccharis. 
The geographical range of the Conyza type, however, is some- 
what different from that of Erigeron ; it is much more tropical and 
chiefly Old-World. Conyza itself, with 50 species, ranges over 
the warmer regions of Asia, Africa, and America ; and one or two 
species, as ready colonizers or weeds of cultivation, extend over the 
whole area. The allied more local species of this, which may be 
called the typical form of the genus, are some of them African, 
some American, without any particular local physiognomy ; but 
amongst the more divergent species in America, C. triplinervia and 
its allies assume a form approaching that of some species of the 
American Baccharides, and C. gnaphalodes (Lennecia, Cass.) has the 
pappus of an American Erigeron. Inthe Old World the principal 
divergent forms are Fimbrillaria and Dimorphanthes, each with 
several species, the former tending towards the Old-World genus 
Nidorella, the latter with an abnormal inyolucre unknown in this 
group in the New World. 
None of the genera closely diverging from Conyza are American. 
Haastia, with 3 species, is its New-Zealand representative. Thespis 
is a monotypic East-Indian. Nidorella, Heteromma, Chrysocoma, 
and Nolletia, comprising together about 28 species, are chiefly 
extratropical, but South-African, Volletia alone having a repre- 
sentative in North Africa; and Vidorella passes into some tropical 
African and Asiatic species which may almost equally well be 
placed in Conyza. 
There remain three or four genera connected in many respects 
with the Conyza group, but also giving indications of other affini- 
