418 MR. G. BENTHAM ON COMPOSIT F. 
thelia, Stectz, comprises two American species (of which one, 
JE. brasiliensis, is also African), Litogyne four African species, 
the original Epaltes a single Asiatic one, and Spheromorphea 
(S. petiolaris, DC.) and Ethuliopsis ( Gynophanes, Steetz) each a 
single Australian species. In the last-named species the capitula, 
as has been observed as to some Australian Pluchee, are almost 
or quite dicecious. 
Denekid is a curious little South-African genus of two, or 
perhaps three, closely allied species, with the anthers of Plu- 
cheinee, but in habit and some other characters approaching 
rather Nidorella amongst Conyzoid Asteroide, and forming one 
of the strongest links between the two tribes. The pappus is 
unlike that of any genus of either subtribe. 
Spheranthus, Pterocaulon, and Monarrhenus form a small tropical 
or subtropical group with the main characters of Plucheinex, but 
with the small glomerate capitula so prevalent in Filaginez, An- 
gianthez, and Relhaniez. Spheranthus (ten species) belongs 
exclusively to the Old World; Pterocaulon (eleven species) is also 
American ; both are more prevalent in Asia and tropical Austra- 
lasia than in Africa; Monarrhenus (three species) is exclusively 
Mascarene. The three genera, though closely allied, are fairly di- 
stinguishable. From the American Pterocaulon the Australasian 
species have been usually considered generically distinct, under 
the name of Monenteles, characterized by the solitary disk-florets ; 
but the two genera, established without reference to each other at 
about the same time, had never been fairly compared, and the sup- 
posed differential character is now no longer in accord with geogra- 
phical distribution; for the Brazilian P, spicatus has the solitary 
disk-florets and glabrous receptacle of Monenteles, whilst the Aus- 
tralian M. sphacelata has two or three disk-florets, as in the 
majority of American Pterocaulons. 
3. FinaGINEX. The majority of the genera here included form 
a very natural group closely allied to Gnaphaliex as to the prin- 
cipal characters, but with the disk-florets most frequently sterile 
with undivided styles as in so many Plucheinex, and specially 
distinguished from both by their capitula usually small and 
glomerate almost as in Angianthez, and by the paleæ subtending 
or enclosing the female florets, or at least the outer ones. The 
seven genera we have adopted, comprising about forty species, 
range over the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere, 
scarcely penetrating within the tropics, several of them common 
