DISTRIBUTION OF TRIBES. 425 
Eriosphera, a monotypic South-African genus which I only 
know from Harvey’s figure and description, might also be techni- 
cally referred to Angianthes, where, indeed, it may be regarded - 
as a South-African representative of the Australian Gnaphalodes. 
It also bears much resemblance in outward aspect to the 
South-African Lasiopogon, but has no female florets and a very 
different pappus. 
6. RELHANIEEX. The Inuloidew have now taken leave of 
America; the remaining subtribes with the capitula radiate 
(when heterogamous) are all African, European, or Asiatie, very 
sparingly and anomalously represented in Australia. "We have 
seen that the Inuloid genera with the greatest profusion of fili- 
form female florets with exserted styles, Plucheineæ and Eugna- 
phaliez, supply not only the most widely diffused genera and 
species, but also those which have most readily established local sub- 
genera or diverging genera in both the New and the Old World. 
The Helichrysez with few female florets have scarcely spread into 
or maintained themselves in America, whilst the Angianthex, 
without any, have remained within their own limited areas. Nor 
do the tribes with ligulate female florets appear to have been more 
successful than those which are strictly homogamous. Possibly 
the greater facilities enjoyed by the disciform over the radiate 
races for fertilization and for dispersion, resulting from the peculiar 
structure and mutual arrangement of the male and female florets 
and fruits, may have had some effect on their extended distribu- 
tion; but it is difficult to appreciate the effects of each one of the 
numerous more or less counteracting influences which have at 
various times acted on the dispersion, establishment, restriction, 
or extinction of genera and species in different regions. Strictly 
dicecious Inuloideæ and other Composite certainly appear to have 
been less successful in spreading than those with androgynous 
capitula, where structure &e. is otherwise similar. The African 
Tarchonanthee cannot well be considered close representatives 
of the American Baccharidez ; the smaller dicecious genera have 
not a wide range, with the exception of Antennaria, where other 
influences, resulting from alpine station, may have come into 
play. 
Whatever, therefore, may have been the cause, these three 
Inuloid subtribes, in which the female florets, when present, are 
always ligulate, are absent from America, and are mostly, 
although not entirely, extratropical, and, generally speaking, of very 
