430 MR. G. BENTHAM ON COMPOSITE. 
tropical species, appear to me to be quite as near, if not nearer, 
to Buphthalmum than Odontospermum or Pallenis, although Calli- 
lepis, for the reasons above stated, had been placed by De Candolle 
in his subtribe Heleniez of Senecionidex, and Sphacophyllum, in- 
cluded by him in the Helianthoid genus Epallage, referred by him 
to Anthemidez. The two species of Anisopappus are both tropical 
African—one from western Africa, published by J. D. H oker 
as a Buphthalmum ; the other, only recently found by Colonel Grant 
in east tropical Africa, and undoubtedly indigenous, proves to be 
identical with a long-known South-Chinese plant published under 
the present generic name by Hooker and Arnott. It has never 
been found in any intervening district, and the most careful exa- 
mination can detect no difference in the specimens from those 
widely distant regions—a case analogous to, but more remarkable 
than, that of the Zupatorium which connects east tropical Africa 
with north-eastern India. 
The monotypic Oriental Chrysophthalmum is also very near 
Buphthalmum ; but the female florets are deficient, and the habit 
is more that of Amblyocarpum among Euinulee. 
Rhanterium, an Algerian genus of two species, and Anvillea, 
also of two species, one Algerian the other Oriental, are remark- 
able for their involucres becoming subglobose and often spines- 
cent, like those of so many Cynaroidee ; but their other cbarac- 
ters, and even the habit, on a closer investigation point out their 
close connexion with Buphthalmez. Ondetia, one species, from 
southern subtropical Africa, is another form of Buphthalmese, di- 
vergent in its involucre; but whilst the two previously named 
Mediterranean genera assume in that respect the Mediterranean 
Cynaroid type, the southern Ondetia takes the scariose involucre 
of the southern Arctotidese. 
Geigeria, with eight South-African and two Arabico-Nubian 
species, is an anomalous genus, rather puzzling as to its affinities; 
the styles, the anthers, the colour of the flowers, and, to a certain 
degree, the habit are those of Buphthalmee, whilst the densely 
setose receptacle points to Cynaroidez, and the deeply lobed co- 
rolas to that tribe or to Mutisiacee ; but upon the whole its 
nearest affinity seems to remain with Buphthalmesm. Geogra- 
phical distribution does not here afford much assistance; but at 
least it is as much in favour of the Buphthalmoid affinity as of 
any other. 
Gymnarrhena, a single Oriental species, is still more puzzling as 
