DISTRIBUTION OF TRIBES. 457 
nation of structural characters and geographical distribution. 
Although more than forty genera have been proposed for species 
which we now include in Sezecio, I have failed in all my endea- 
vours to fix upon even a single group which I could definitely 
mark out. Besides the vegetative organs, there are differences, 
it is true, in the achenes, anthers, and styles; but these have 
been as yet observed in too small a proportion of the known 
species, or have been found too little in accordance with each other 
or with habit or geographical relation, to be made available for sec- 
tional distinctions. I had observed, for instance, that a number 
of East-Indian species, erect herbs with entire leaves and nume- 
rous few-flowered paniculate capitula, had the auricles of the 
anthers acute or subeaudate (Pl. IX. fig. 4,6, or 7), whilst in the 
majority of species they are truncate, obtuse, or somewhat acute, 
and then free and approximate to their own filament (figs. 2, 3, 
and 5); and I thought I had established a good section, to which I 
gave the name of Synotios. I found again the same foliage, and 
the anthers still more decidedly subcaudate, in some rather tall 
climbers of the same country, one of which had been generically 
distinguished by Miquel under the name of Cissampelopsis, and I 
added these to my section, although they differed in the larger 
many-flowered capitula. In S. buimala, Ham., however, another 
climbing species from the same country with still larger capitula, 
the character of the anthers failed. In the Canary-Island S. pal- 
mensis, DC. (the genus Bethencourtia, Chois.), the anthers, and in 
a great measure the habit, were found to be again those of my 
proposed section Synotios, which still might have been kept up; 
but when I came to the American species, I found the same 
anthers with pointed connate auricles exemplified here and there 
in West-Indian or Andine species, which had in other respects no 
connexion whatever with the above-mentioned East-Indian ones. 
Again, some North-American species have been retained under the 
old name of Cacalia, characterized mainly by their white-flowered 
homogamous capitula, with the style-branches produced into short 
cones and a somewhat distinct habit. The same flowers and styles 
occur in the South-African Aleinias with a totally different habit ; 
and these, again, agree in habit with the Kleinioid Senecios of the 
same country, although the style passes into the common Senecio 
form with truncate tips. The short appendages to the style are 
more or less distinctly observable in various species, which have 
on that account been placed in the genera Cacalia, Ligularia, 
