460 MR. G. BENTHAM ON COMPOSIT. X. 
has ten or twelve species, and approaches Arnica in involucre and 
other characters, but with alternate leaves. Its geographical range 
in Europe and Asia is nearly the same, but less mountainous or 
northern, and it does not reach North America. Lopholena, a 
single South-African species with its singular involucral bracts 
and long style-appendages, is somewhat isolated in its relationships. 
There are three insular genera. Ist. Raillardia has nine 
Sandwich-Island species with an insular shrubby habit; A. Gray 
unites with it as a section the above-mentioned Californian mono- 
typie Raillardella, for both have long narrow style-appendages 
and a plumose pappus ; but their habit is so widely different as to 
suggest their connexion with the Euseneciones having been quite 
separate; and I have availed myself of some differences in the 
achenes and pappus to maintain the two as distinct genera. 2nd. 
Robinsonia, four species, and, 3rd, Balbisia, one species, are from the 
isle of Juan Fernandez, where they form small trees of a very pecu- 
liar habit. Although their connexion with Euseneciones seems 
greater than with any other subtribe or tribe, yet in their dicecious 
capitula, in the presence of small free anthers without pollen in 
the female florets, and some other points they approach the sub- 
tribe Petrobiee of Helianthoidee. Their convolute cotyledons 
have been pointed out as distinguishing them from all other Com- 
posite ; but, as already observed, that character is not constant 
in Robinsonia. In R. Gayana the embryo is usually, if not always, 
precisely that of the great mass of Composite. 
There remain two genera which show the great difficulty of 
giving technical characters to what appear to be natural groups, 
Werneria and Othonnopsis, the former with the characters of 
Othonnex, but evidently more naturally connected with Senecio, 
and Othonnopsis as evidently connected with Othonna, but with 
the characters of Eusenecionez. Werneria is a high mountain 
genus of about seventeen species, differing from Senecio in the 
involucral scales strictly uniseriate, united to near the middle or 
higher up in a regular smooth ribless lobed cup, and with a pecu- 
liar habit rare in Senecio. Its great centre is in the Andes of 
South America; but one species, unknown to me, has been de- 
scribed from Mexico; and I am unable to separate from Werneria 
generically, either in habit or in character, Senecio nanus, Sch. Bip., 
from the mountains of Abyssinia, nor the Ligularia nana, Dcne., 
from the Himalayas. Othonnopsis is an Old- World genus of eight 
species, chiefly South-African, but with one North-African, one 
