464 MR. G. BENTHAM ON COMPOSIT E. 
Ruckeria, two species, is a true S.- African, and appears closely to 
connect Calendulacez with Senecionidese (Othonnes); but the 
specimens preserved are as yet insufficient to make us fully 
aequainted with its characters and affinities. 
10. Arctotidee. 
The Arctotidex, although twice as numerous, both in genera 
and species, as the Calendulacez, form still a small Old- World 
tribe, with their chief area in S. Africa, where, however, they have 
no immediate connexions. They pass on the one hand rather 
gradually into Cynaroidew, an Old-World tribe it is true, but 
almost exclusively of the northern hemisphere ; and at the other 
end they seem in some measure connected with some of the 
Anthemideous genera of the Northern, not-of the South-African 
type. On the whole they may perhaps be considered the 
southern representatives of the Cynaroidesw, with which Lessing 
and De Candolle associated them, but from which they differ es- 
sentially in their usually radiate heterogamous capitula, to a con- 
siderable degree in their styles, in the constant deficiency of 
tails to the anthers, and, as above, in their geographical distribu- 
tion. They consist of three or, perhaps, rather four subtribes, 
which must be reviewed separately. 
1. The genus Ursinia (including Sphenogyne) forms a distinct 
group of about 54 species, all S.-African, although one of them 
reappears in (or extends into) Abyssinia, differing from Arctotidee 
generally in their truncate style-branches, their paleaceous recep- 
tacle, and glabrous foliage. It appears to me, however, to be more 
nearly connected with Euarctotez than with any other tribe or 
subtribe. De Candolle placed it among Heleniew, where it has 
certainly no connexions, structural or geographical. The peculiar 
palee of the pappus, distinctly convolute-contorted in their 
arrangement, are much more those of Arctotis itself than of any 
Helenioidee. The habit and involucre connect them with some 
Anthemides of the northern type, as well as with several of the 
true S.-African Euarctotex. 
2. The Euarctotee comprise seven genera and about fifty species, 
with the broad involucres of which the inner bracts are scarious 
at the end of some of the northern genera of Anthemidese. They 
approach that tribe also in their pappus reduced to scales or en- 
tirely wanting, but differ in the styles approaching those of 
