476 MR. G. BENTHAM ON COMPOSIT x. 
mountain-regions of Central Europe and Asia, and are replaced in 
the Mediterranean region by numerous species of the section 
Omalocline, some of which are also Alpine, but only in the southern 
ranges of mountains. Youngia is more Asiatic and especially 
eastern ; one species is tropical and extends to the northeru dis- 
tricts of Australia. The Anisoramphus proposed by De Candolle 
as a genus, but which we have with some hesitation reduced to a 
section, is a single tropical-African mountain species. 
Hieracium, about 150 species, increased by some botanists to 
between 200 and 300 or even more, bas a geographical range un- 
usual in Composite, upon which climatological influences may 
have had some effect. It belongs chiefly to mountainous or tem- 
perate regions; and in the Old World it is essentially western, 
from Scandinavia to the Spanish Peninsula and the Western Alps; 
in Eastern Europe the species are more rare, and in Asia very 
few. In America they reappear in the extratropical regions N. 
and S., and down the range of the Andes; and two species are in 
the southern hemisphere in the Old World, one in S. Africa, the 
other in Madagascar ; none are known in Australia. The genus is 
divided by Fries into three principal and natural sections—Pilo- 
sella, Archieracium, and Stenotheca. The first two comprise nearly 
the whole of the Old- World species of the northern hemisphere. 
Stenotheca is represented in the Old World by one or two species of 
the Western Alps, and by the two southern species above men- 
tioned, all evidently nearly allied. The American species, of which 
Fries enumerates forty-five, but which are probably reducible to 
little more than half that number, have been, with the exception of 
two or three high northern Archieracia, referred by that writer to 
Stenotheca, to which they appear certainly for the most part nearer 
than to Pilosella, to which Schultz Bipontinus refers them; they 
have, however, to a certain degree a facies of their own, passing, 
perhaps, from the one to the other,but not representing the 
Archieracia excepting as congeners. The small genus Andryala, 
variously estimated at from half a dozen to above a dozen species, 
is a slight divergence from the European Hieracia, with the same 
western character but more southern, from the Mediterranean 
region to the Canary Islands. 
Picris, about twenty-four species, has its chief seat in the Medi- 
terranean region, especially its western portion, extending also 
down to the Azores: two species are generally spread over 
Europe and Western Asia; and one is to be found in most parts of 
