REGIONS AND AREAS OF DISTRIBUTION. 493 
ready colonizers, although neither the Ethulia nor the V. conyzoides 
has as yet appeared in America. The African Vernonie (section 
Stengelia) and Coreopsides (section Prestinaria) and the eastern 
Chrysogona and  Glossogynes, although showing each several 
species, have probably already seen their best days. 
Table 4. Tropical connexion between the New and the Old 
World as indicated by identical Species. 
This Table includes the species of those genera only which have 
an essentially tropical character, although some may, perhaps, 
extend northwards or southwards beyond the tropics, excluding 
the common species as well of the cosmopolitan genera enumerated 
in Table 8 as of the northern or southern connecting genera 
contained in Tables 5, 6, and 7, which may also be found within 
the tropics, as in both cases the original connexion or communi- 
cation was probably extratropical. 
Species. Area. Congeners. Connexions. 
Sparganophorus Vaillantii East tropical America, 
Elephantopus scaber ...... 
Adenostemma viscosum ... 
Ageratum conyzoides 
sssr.. 
Mikania scandens 
Epaltes brasiliensis 
Ambrosia maritima ......... 
Xanthium strumarium 
Siegesbeckia orientalis...... 
Eclipta alba, Hassk. (E. 
erecta, E. prostrata, &e.). 
West tropical Africa, 
(semiaquatic). 
America, Asia, and 
Africa, tropical and 
subtropical. 
Cosmopolitan, tropical 
and subtropical 
(ready colonist). 
Cosmopolitan, tropical 
and subtropical 
(ready colonist). 
America, Asia, and 
Africa, tropical and 
subtropical. 
East tropical America, 
West tropical Africa 
(semiaquatic ?). 
America, Asia, Africa, 
and South Europe, 
tropical and subtro- 
pical (maritime). 
and South Europe, 
tropical and subtro- 
les pem 
America, 
Afriea, tropieal and 
subtropical (ready 
colonist). 
America, Asia, Africa, 
and Australia, tropi- 
eal and subtropical 
(ready colonist). 
| 
None. 
.| America, Asia, Africa, . 
8 American and 1 
African species. 
4 American species. 
15 American species. 
60 American species. 
1 American cosec- 
tional species, 6 
African, Asiatic, or 
Australian, tropi- 
cal or subtropical, 
forming separate 
sections. 
11 American species. 
2 or 3 American spe- 
cies (all ready colo- 
nists). 
1 American species. 
1 cosectional species, 
East - Asiatic and 
Australian, 1 or 2 
American, forming 
a separate section. 
(Paceurina) American. 
None immediate, but the 
nearest American. 
All American. 
All American. 
All American. 
Chiefly African. 
All American. 
All American. 
All American. 
All American. 
