REGIONS AND AREAS OF DISTRIBUTION. 501 
or Northern Asia, with one species in the United States, four or 
five in Chili, one in the mountains of South-east Australia, three 
or four in the Mediterranean region, and two in Abyssinia, would, 
under the theory that affinity indicates consanguinity, imply an 
immense and luxuriant dispersion in early times, such as we now 
see in Sonchus, Picris, or Hypocheris, followed by an almost 
equally general destruction from causes as to which it seems at 
present vain to offer any conjecture. Adenocaulon, Leontopodium, 
Cnicus, and some sections of Aster, Hyoseris, &c. show a dispersion 
somewhat intermediate in character, less disjointed than the second 
series of genera, but of an area more broken than the first series. 
Extratropical southern connexion between America and the Old 
World, as indicated by identical or nearly representative Species, 
Sections, Genera, or marked groups of Genera. 
These connexions are twofold—first, between South America 
and South Africa, and, secondly, between South America and 
Australia. The two are quite distinct from each other, the 
former very few and remote, the latter rather marked, and all 
quite independent of the connexions between South Africa and 
Australia enumerated below at the end of the notes on Old- World 
distribution. Taking, first, the South-African races, we have 
Table 6. Connexions between South America and South Africa. 
(There are no species common to the two.) 
Genera. 
| FLAVERIEX........ 
| 
Exopical South-American 
South-African representatives. 
notypes, and, through them, the 
whole tribe of Helenioidex. 
l'laveria, 8 species, South and West 
America; the nearest genus to 
Cadiscus, but not closely repre- 
sentative. 
representatives. 
ASTER type.........| Sommerfeldtia, 1 species (South-east | Felicia, 45 species: 
2 America). 
Connexions ...... Aster (Seth and West America), | Aster (Europe, North Asia, and 1 
nearer than Diplostephium (Andes), Bouth-east African speciet), nearer 
or Chiliotrichium (extratropical than Olearia (Australia). 
H South America). 
OMOCHROMOUS " 
ASTEROIDE E ...| Hysterionica, Nardophyllum, and | Pteronia, Fresenia, and Homochroma, 
E epidophyllum, about 20 species. about 55 species. 
Connexions......! Solidago, Haplopappus, &c., above | None except the Mascarene Rochonia 
150 North- and West-American | and Glycideras, 3 or 4 species. 
species. : 
JAUMEÀ a  — 2 Soath- American species, 1 Mexican | 1 south-east tropical species (Hyperi- 
and 1 Californian species. cophyllum), nearer to the Mexican 
(Espejoa) than to the South-east 
American (Jaumea) and North- 
: west American species (Coinogyne). 
Connexions ...... Venegasia and Olivea, Mexican mo- | None except the remote one with 
the monotypic Cadiscus. 
Cadiscus, 1 species. 
