502 
MR. G. BENTHAM ON COMPOSITE. 
3 Extratropical South-American Ate : 
Genera. representatives. Bouth-African representatives. 
FLAVERIEA. 
Connexions ...... Tagetinee, near 100 species, not very |None. 
closely allied. 
CoTULE:x............ Plagiochei 
Connexions 
CALENDULACE.E 
lus, 6 species, chiefly south- 
western. 
Soliva and Abrotanella, about 5 spe- 
cies, further ones very remote. 
Antarctic 
Cotula and Cenia, about 30 species. 
Gradual with the whole tribe of An- 
themideee. 
Eriachenium, 1 species, 
America. 
None. 
Oligocarpus?, 3 species. 
Connexions ...... 7 genera of Calendulacee, including 
112 species, and, through them, 
South-African Senecionidew on the 
one hand, and Arctotides on the 
other. 
Gerbera, 20 species, South- and West- 
African, with a few Asiatic. 
None very near; a marked gap be- 
tween Gerbera and the other African 
and Asiatic Mutisiaceee. 
GERBERA type ...| Chaptalia, 18 species, southern and 
tropical. 
Trichocline, 20 species, southern and 
tropical, and, through them, with 
several other Mutisiacee. 
Connexions ...... 
Out of the above list Felicia and Sommerfeldtia, Pteronia and 
allies with Hysterionica and allies, Plagiocheilus and Cotula, 
Chaptalia and Gerbera, may be regarded as the results of the 
partial break-up of four great cosmopolitan or very widely spread 
southern or extratropical races—the Aster type, the Solidago type, 
the Cotula type, and the Gerbera type. But Jaumea, section 
Hypericophyllum, and Cadiscus are very singular in their geogra- 
phical position. Both monotypic, they are the unique represen- 
tatives in the Old World of the great American tribe of Helenioidez. 
One of them, Hypericophyllum, is so near in structure to the South- 
American Jaumea, to the Californian Coinogyne, and especially to 
the Mexican Espejoa, that I have ventured to unite them generi- 
cally—to which course I fear 1 may meet with many objectors, 
chiefly on account of the very great geographical discrepancy. 
But I may observe that a similar distribution, although rare, has 
been noted in other parts of the vegetable kingdom, as, for 
instance, in the two Scrophularineous genera Melasma and Alectra, 
which have each a South-African, a South-American, and a 
Mexican species. Cadiscus is less closely allied to Flaveria and 
Porophyllum, but is much nearer to them than to any Old-World 
forms. As a pendant to these two cases we have the monotypic 
Eriachenium, from the southern extremity of South America, the 
sole American representative of the eminently African tribe of 
Calendulacez, whose connexions with other tribes are also exclu- 
sively of the Old World. 
