524 MR. G. BENTHAM ON COMPOSITE. 
the Mexican, are still far below those of the Brazilian region ; the 
Gnaphalioid Inuloidex, generally mountain plants, are rather more 
at home than in either. Mutisiacex, characteristic of the Chilian 
region and very rare in the Mexican, have several large and 
flourishing genera endemie, or, at any rate, with their chief seat, 
in the Andine region. The Old- World orders partially represented 
both in the north and south are reduced in the intermediate Andes 
to fewer numbers than in any American region except the Bra- 
zilian: such as are to be met with (Cotulee, Hieracium, Hypo- 
choris) may be regarded as remnants of those ancient migrations 
from north to south or from south to north to which I shall 
allude under Table 10, these remnants having alone survived the 
altered physical conditions so as to establish a few subordinate 
endemie races. 
Future discoveries may probably add much to the Composite 
of the Andine region, the eastern valleys of the great mountain- 
range being, as yet, but little explored; but these additions we 
must expect rather to consist of new species to the prevailing 
genera, than of such new forms, especially monotypes, as the 
three adjoining regions may be more likely to supply. 
: 9. Brazilian Region. 
The Brazilian or east tropical region of South-American Com- 
positz is that vast traet of country extending from the eastern 
declivity of the Andes to the Atlantic, southward to the Rio 
Grande do Sul, and northward to the valley of the Orenoco. It 
might be supposed to be naturally divided into two, the northern 
or Guiana and the southern or true Brazilian region, separated by 
the broad forest-valley or plain of the Amazon, so poor in Com- 
posite; but, as far as known, the Composite peculiar to the 
mountains east of the Orenoco are generally of a Brazilian type, 
or, at least, rather Brazilian than Andine; and the few that are 
characteristic of the low moist valleys of the great rivers spread 
over too wide an area and are too much interwoven with the 
others to be made use of for the distinction of separate districts. 
The statistics of the order in the whole region, however, are as 
yet more unsettled even than those of the Andine region. This 
portion of the Brazilian flora is now being worked up, and, when 
completed, will no doubt give many corrections to the numbers 
given in the above Table, which are necessarily often little more 
than conjectural, founded on a hasty turning over of specimens 
and reference to publications. 
