REGIONS AND AREAS OF DISTRIBUTION. 541 
Although the diversity exhibited, as tested by the number of 
genera both absolute and proportional, may thus be far below that 
of the Mexican region, yet the Mediterranean in other respects, 
owing, probably, to its extraordinarily broken physical conditions, 
shows quite as much the preservation or development of distinct 
forms in restricted localities as that or any other of our regions. 
The above-mentioned genus Cousinia is the most remarkable 
instance in the order of a large number of species confined to a 
comparatively small area; the whole 180 are limited to the Asiatic 
portion of the region. This far surpasses any single one of the 
numerous instances of large Composite genera of very limited areas 
exhibited by theSouth-A frican region. At thesame time such mono- 
types as Gymnarrhena, Rhanterium, Dipterocome, Gundelia, Wari- 
onia, Hochstetteria, Hymenonema, Henseleria, Acanthocephalus, 
Tourneuxia, and a few oligotypes, are almost, if not quite, as widely 
distinet from their cotribuals as any South-African or Mexican 
monotypes. The Mediterranean region can thus bring forward 
evidences at once of the great present luxuriance of its Composite 
races, as well as of the great antiquity of several of them. 
Of the monotypie or other genera of very limited areas, the 
majority are Oriental, chiefly Persian; but Henseleria and Hispi- 
della are Spanish; -Rhanterium, Mecomiscus, Warionia, and 
Tourneuxia are Algerine; Grantia, Anvillea, and Cardopatium 
are represented by Algerine and by Oriental species without 
occurring in the intermediate districts; Nananthea and Phalacro- 
deris are insular; none belong exclusively to the Italian or to the 
Turkish peninsula. 
Among the prevailing tribes, the Cynaroidez, Cichoriaces, and 
Anthemides, all specially Old-World tribes, are the most cha- 
racteristie. The region contains four fifths of the Old-World 
species of the first, three fourths of the second, and above half of 
the Anthemidex. It is also the special seat of three subtribes of 
the Inuloides, the Filaginezs, Euinulee, and Buphthalmee. In 
Senecionidex, Asteroides, and Calendulacee the numbers are far 
below those of the South-African region ; the southern Arctotides 
and Mutisiacez have each only a single species encroaching on its 
frontier; the American Eupatoriacee and Helianthoides are but 
very scantily, the Vernoniaces and Helenioidez not at all re- 
presented. 
