550 - MR. d. BENTHAM ON COMPOSIT X. 
Only one subtribe is nearly endemic, the Angiantheæ belonging 
to Inuloidew; it represents, as it were, the Filaginexw of other 
regions, but in many respects is more nearly connected with the 
Helichrysum group ; aud even this subtribe has one South-African 
representative, Eriosphera, whilst the tropical-Asiatic Cesulia 
and the South- American Leucopholis are, or might be, technically 
added to the Angianthez, although perhaps not joined very closely 
by natural affinity. Among the other endemic genera, the most 
distinct are perhaps Thespidium, Coleocoma, Nablonium, Elachan- 
thus, and Isoétopsis, all monotypes, but none so far removed from 
all allies as many of the above-enumerated South-African ones. 
There is, indeed, in the Australian Composite but little of that 
singularity which has been observed in so many other orders of 
plants as well as in animals. We might perhaps be disposed to 
attribute this to the supposed less remote antiquity of the order. 
The principal characteristic tribes in the region are the Gna- 
phalioid Inuloidez, related to Helichrysum and partaking more or 
less of a South-African character, the Asteroidex, and Cotuloid 
Anthemidez, connected sometimes with extratropical South-Ame- 
American or Andine, sometimes with South-African types, and 
the cosmopolitan Senecionidex, each of these tribes having esta- 
blished a few Australian endemic genera or sections. Some Heli- 
anthoidesw and the very few Vernoniacex belong to the tropical- 
Asiatic connexion. Six tribes (Eupatoriaces, Helenioidex, 
Arctotider, Cynaroidex, Mutisiacew, and Cichoriacee) are re- 
presented only by single or exceedingly few species, either iden- 
tical with or closely allied to those of other regions, with the 
exception perhaps of Cymbonotus, the sole representative of the 
South-African Arctotidez, and, although closely connected with 
them, yet sufficiently marked to be generally admitted as an er- 
demic monotype. Calendulacew have no such Australian repre- 
sentative, although, as above mentioned, they have one in Antarctic 
America. 
Another great contrast of the Australian (insular) Composite 
as compared with the South-African (continental) ones is derived 
from the fact that fifty-eight out of nearly five hundred (that is, 
above one tenth) of the species are common to other countries, 
instead of scarcely one in a hundred. Of these fifty-eight common 
species, ten are also in New Zealand, two in South America, 
twenty-eight in tropical Asia, five in the extratropical northern 
regions of the Old World, twelve are common tropical weeds, and 
