COLONIZING SPECIES. 
571 
Species. 
a. of American origin. 
Erigeron bonariense......... 
Gnaphalium purpureum... 
Lagascea mollis ............ 
Xanthium spinosum 
and 
macrocarpum 
allies. 
Bidens pilosa and Bidens 
bipinnata. 
Synedrella nodiflora ...... 
Galinsoga parviflora......... 
Tridax procumbens ......... 
Soliva 
b. of European origin. 
Filago germanica............ 
Anthemis Cotula 
Achillea ptarnicea ......... 
millefolium ............ 
Chrysanthemum segetum... 
- leucanthemum......... 
Tussilago Farfara... 
Senecio vulgaris 
tecto 
Arctium Lappa............... 
Carduus marianus 
Cnicus lanceolatus 
DIDI 
ETETETT 
9etsasoootoc or 
..o... 
Carthamus lanatus 
Centaurea nigra 
— C 
——— solstitialis and meli- 
tensis, 
ter toto 
Caleitrapa 
Where established. Qualifications. 
Africa. Pappus; abundance of 
seed 
East India, Australia. 
Tropical Asia and Africa. 
«»»»»»| Europe, East India, Aus- 
tralia. 
Europe. 
Most warm countries. 
East India. 
Europe, East India, Aus- 
tralia. 
East India. 
Portugal, Australia, Chili. 
North America. 
North America, 
Australia. 
North America, Chili. 
Chili, 
North America. 
North America. 
.| North America, 
South Africa, Australia. 
North America, Chili. 
North America. 
North America, South 
Africa, Chili, 
North America. 
Australia. 
North America, Australia, 
Chili. 
North America, Chili. 
North America, Australia. 
Extratropical South Ame- 
rica, Australia. 
South Africa. 
North America. 
North America, South 
Africa. 
North America, South 
Africa, Chili, Aus- 
tralia. 
North 
tralia. 
America, Aus- 
Pappus ; abundance of 
seed; adherence ? 
Adherence, vitality, and 
protection of seed. 
Adherence, vitality, and 
protection of seed. 
Abundance of seed; adher- 
ence. 
Abundance of seed, ripen- 
ing with corn. 
Adherence. Maritime 
plant, 
Pappus; abundance of 
seed ; adherence ? 
Abundance of seed, ripen- 
ing with corn ? 
Abundance of seed, ripen- 
ing with corn ? 
Persistent root, 
Abundance of seed, ripen- 
ing with corn ? 
Abundance of seed, ripen- 
ing with corn ? 
Persistent root. 
Pappus ; persistent root, 
Pappus; abundance of 
seed. 
Adherence; vitality of 
seed. 
Pappus ; vitality of seed ? 
” ” ” 
Pappus; vitality of seed ; 
persistent root. 
Pappus ; vitality of seed ; 
persistent root ? 
Pappus ; vitality of seed ; 
persistent root. 
Pappus; vitality of seed. 
Vitality of seed ? 
Vitality of seed ? ripening 
with corn. 
Adherence; vitality of 
seed ? maritime habitat. 
