FLORA OF MADAGASCAR. 261 
There are only 100 plants common to the three Regions. 
A list of these may be here given:—(a) ExpEMIC: Gomphia 
deltoidea, Piptadenia chrysostachys, Dichrostachys tenuifolia, 
Mimosa latispinosa, Combretum coccineum, Calantica cerasifolia, 
Vernonia grandis, Pterocaulon Bojeri, Emilia citrina, Ficus 
megapoda, Lagarosiphon madagascariensis, Oynorchis flexuosa, 
Dioscorea heteropoda, Raphia Rufia, Arundo madagascariensis. 
(b) MascAnENE : Aphloia theeformis, Gouania tiliefolia, Tris- 
temma virusanum, Phyllanthus casticum. (c) CHIEFLY TROPICAL 
AND WIDELY SPREAD: Cissampelos Pareira, Nymphea stellata, 
Polycarpea corymbosa, Portulaca oleracea, Haronga madagas- 
cariensis, Sida rhombifolia, Urena lobata, Melochia corchorifolia, 
Waltheria americana, Triumfetta rhomboidea, Desmostachys Plan- 
chonianus, Cardiospermum Halicacabum, Paullinia pinnata, Cro- 
talaria retusa, C. striata, Indigofera hirsuta, Sesbania punctata, 
Eschynomene sensitiva, Desmodium paleaceum, D. salicifolium, 
D. mauritianum, Abrus precatorius, Dolichos axillaris, Eriosema 
cajanoides, Cassia occidentalis, C. mimosoides, C. Tora, Mimosa 
asperata, Albizzia fastigiata, Ammannia senegalensis, Woodfordia 
Jloribunda, Jussiea repens, J. erecta, Ludwigia jusseoides, Melo- 
thria tridactyla, Ageratum conyzoides, Psiadia dodoneefolia, 
Blumea lacera, Gnaphalium luteo-album, Eclipta erecta, Gynura 
cernua, Vinca rosea, Gomphocarpus fruticosus, Buddleia mada- 
gascariensis, Limnanthemum indicum, Heliotropium indicum, 
Ipomea palmata, I. medium, I. leucantha, 1. sessiliflora, Solanum 
nigrum, Scoparia dulcis, Buchnera leptostachya, Asystasia gangetica, 
Ocimum canum, O. suave, Hyptis pectinata, H.spicigera, Amarantus 
spinosus, Achyranthes aspera, Celosia trigyna, Polygonum serru- 
latum, Euphorbia pilulifera, E. indica, E. thymifolia, Phyllanthus 
nummularifolius, Dalechampia ternata, Sponia affinis, Obetia fici- 
folia, Boehmeria platyphylla, Smilax Kraussiana, Floscopa glome- 
rata, Imperata arundinacea, Heteropogon contortus, Andropogon 
hirtus, Sporobolus indicus, Phragmites communis, Gleichenia dicho- 
toma, Lycopodium cernuum, Azolla pinnata, Marsilea difusa. 
It will thus be seen that the great bulk of the plants common 
to the three Regions are widely-spread tropical species. Of 
plants that reach right over the island from the east coast to the 
west coast there are but few. Of these may be mentioned Haronga 
madagascariensis, Abrus precatorius, Dolichos axillaris, and Raphia 
Ruffia. Perhaps the commonest and most widely spread species 
in the whole island is a fern, Gleichenia dichotoma. 
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