280 REV. R. BARON ON THE 
Madagascar, at an elevation of 9000 feet in Abyssinia, of 7000 to 
8000 feet in the Cameroons, and of 7000 feet in Fernando Po; 
and has also lately been found by Mr. Thompson on Kilima-njaro. 
Drosera ramentacea (as also Lonchitis occidentalis, found in North- 
east Madagascar) appears on the mountains of Angola and 
Guinea; and Agauria salicifolia is common to the mountains of 
Madagascar, Reunion, the Cameroons, and the high land about 
Lake Nyassa. Sanicula europea “ occurs in Central Madagas- 
car, the mountains of Abyssinia, the Cape, 4000 to 7000 feet in 
the Cameroons, 4000 feet in Fernando Po, and is widely spread 
through Europe and other parts of the north temperate zone." 
It may be added that Cyanotis nodiflora var. madagascarica finds 
its home in Angola and Madagascar; and that Commelina Lyallii, 
a variety of Commelina Mannii of the Cameroons, also inhabits the 
interior of the island. These interesting facts point plainly to the 
existence ofa former cold (or temperate) climate within the tropies, 
followed by a warmer period when these temperate plants, in 
order to maintain an existence, were compelled to retreat up the 
mountains, where they remain to the present day. 
The genera most largely represented in the Central Regionare:— 
Helichrysum (36 species), Cyperus (32), Senecio(31), Vernonia (22), 
Habenaria (20), Philippia (18) ; Hypoestes and Cynorchis, with 
16 each; Kalanchoe(16), Scirpus (15) ; Indigofera and Kitchingia, 
with 14 each ; Oxalis, Crotalaria, and Euphorbia, with 12 each; 
Psorospermum and Ficus, 11 each; Hibiscus, Dombeya, Desmodium, 
Ipomea, and Panicum, 10 each; Clematis, Impatiens, Mundulea, 
and Conyza, 8 each; Hydrocotyle, Stenocline, Polystachya, and 
Fimbristylis, 7 each ; Polygala, Grewia, Vitis, Solanum, Stachys, 
Eulophia, Angrecum, and Aloe, 6 each ; Gymnosporia, Eriosema, 
Rubus, Oldenlandia, Psiadia, Utricularia, Thunbergia, Salvia, 
Phyllanthus, Satyrium, Vellozia, Carex, and Andropogon, 5 each. 
Ankaratra, about 20 or 30 miles south-west of the Capital, is 
as has been already said, the highest mountain in the island, 
reaching to 8494 feet above the sea. It does not come within 
the snow-line, snow indeed being entirely unknown in the 
island. Ice is, however, occasionally seen in the winter season. 
As this mountain is the highest in the island, it may not be 
uninteresting if I give here a list of the plants which appear tol 
be confined to it *, and which are endemic in Madagascar. It 
* Some of these, and the list does not profess to be exhaustive, may possibly 
also occur on some of the other high mountains, such as Vavavato. 
