FLORA OF MADAGASCAR. 281 
will be seen from the list that the flora of the mountain has a 
more or less temperate aspect. The plants are as follows:— 
Clematis dissecta, Polygala mucronata, P. emirnensis, Oxalis wipho- 
phylla, Impatiens trichoceras, Crotalaria orthoclada, Indigofera 
thymoides, I. pinifolia, Rubus pauciflorus, Alchemilla bifurcata, 
Kalanchoe pumila, K. brevicaulis, Dicoryphe viticoides, Rotala 
cordifolia, Telephium madagascariense, Hydrocotyle tussilagini- 
folia, Pimpinella ebracteata, Peucedanum Bojerianum, Panas 
confertifolium, Anthospermum polyacanthum, Vernonia inulafolia, 
V. ochroleuca, V. scapiforme, Psiadia stenophylla, Helichrysum 
retrorsum, .H. eryptomerioides, Stenocline filaginoides, Aspilia 
Baroni, A. Bojeri, Hieracium madagascariense, Lightfootia sub- 
aphylla, Agauria littoralis, Philippia oophylla, P. pilosa, P. 
macrocalyx, Lysimachia parviflora, Anagallis peploides, Jasminum 
puberulum, Cynoglossum cernuum, C. discolor, Alectra pedicu- 
larioides, Tetraspidium laxiflorum, Hypoestes ascendens, Micro- 
meria flagellaris, Salvia porphyrocalyz, Stachys oligantha, S. 
spherodonta, Ajuga robusta, Corrigiola | psammatrophoides, 
Euphorbia ensifolia, Croton emirnensis, Acalypha Radula, Aristea 
angustifolia, Kniphofia pallidiflora, Rhodocodon madagascariensis, 
Scirpus multicostatus, Cladium pantopodum, Carex spherogyna, 
Stipa madagascariensis, Eragrostis brizoides, Coelachne madagasca- 
riensis, Bromus avenoides, and B. arrhenatheroides. 
Tug WESTERN REGION. 
With the exception of Southern Madagascar, no part of the 
island is so little known as that included in this Western Region, 
especially perhaps the territory between Lat. 16? and Lat. 20°. 
The Region, as a whole, is not very mountainous. There is a 
mountain-chain, however, of no great height, known as Bongolava, 
which runs with remarkable regularity parallel to the longitudinal 
axis of the island for many hundred miles. To the west of this, 
again, there is the long mountain-range of Bemaraha parallel 
with Bongolava. But the Region, generally speaking, slopes 
very gradually down to the sea, and consists of wide, compara- 
tively level or slightly undulating stretches of country, covered 
with coarse grass and innumerable groves and patches of l wood. 
Running north and south for hundreds of miles, at a distance 
generally of eight or ten leagues from the sea, there are extensive 
forests, but how far these are continuous it is impossible to say. 
These forests, as a rule, are much less crowded with undergrowth, 
