402 DR. J. C. COSTERUS ON MALFORMATIONS 
(a) Formation of cups.—Pl. LVII. fig. 6 shows a petal in the first 
phase oftransformation into a cup. One of the margins is bent 
inside to the thickened midrib, with which it coheres. In this 
way a small cup-shaped space is marked out. From figures 7 and 
8 the subsequent stages of this variation may be gathered, and at 
the same time it will be seen that there is a connection between 
this alteration and a narrowing of the base. There are also cases 
in which both margins are bent and grow together with the mid- 
rib (fig. 9). A perfect cup is shown magnified two diameters in 
fig. 10; it was supported by a rather long claw, which is not 
always the case. Such perfect cups will often be found to grow 
together with an antipetalous stamen. 
(b) Enation.—Many petals of Fuchsia possess a midrib, some- 
what wider at the base, and at the same time more than usually 
projecting. Pl. LVII. fig. 11 shows a nerve of which nearly one 
fourth has been modified in this sense. When comparing this 
petal with a series of others, one gets the conviction that this 
projecting part is the first indication of a stamen. When scru- 
tinizing figs. 12 and 6, wesee the rib getting more distinct and 
gradually differentiating, and finally developing into a head at 
the top (fig. 13). A microscopic examination of this swollen end 
and of the anther-wall of Fuchsia brings to view a striking simi- 
larity, and thus affords fresh evidence of the view just referred 
to. In connection with the same point figs. 7 and 14 (Pl. LVII.) 
are highly instructive, since the production from the petal has be- 
come so distinct, that no microscope needs to be resorted to for re- 
cognition of the real nature of the newly formed stamen. In this 
way even two fresh stamens may be formed, as fig. 4 (PI. LVIII.) 
shows. The same figure shows as a third outgrowth between 
the stamen and the petal a petaloid structure with thickened mar- 
gins; therefore it is not unlike an anther with petaloid connec- 
tive. A pair of similar dark lines were seen also on the petal 
itself, and thus conferred on it something of a staminoid character. 
Disregarding the peculiarity just described, the cases cited put 
it beyond doubt that a petalof a Fuchsia is capable of producing 
à stamen (sometimes even two), or in other words of splitting 
into two parts, of which the outermost is a petal, the innermost a 
stamen. If the cases of real division, or enation, were not ready 
to hand, cases like those delineated in figs. 6, 7, 11, 12, and 13 
(Pl. LVII), might easily be mistaken for metamorphoses of the 
petals into stamens; in other words, for staminody of the petals. 
