424 DR. J. €. COSTERUS ON MALFORMATIONS 
modified number of parts, only 7 vascular bundles could be dis- 
covered. They distinctly contrast with the quite bleached tissues 
round them when held against the light. 
4. S (4) PO St 4--4 C (3). 
A partially inereased number is shown by :— 
5. S(5) P5 St 44-5 C (4)*. 
6. S (4) P 4 St 44-4 C (5). 
In the above cases some regularity may be observed, but this 
is not so in many others, for instance :— 
7. S (3) P2 St 3+2 S (3) f. 
Cases similar to this one are so numerous, and when compared 
with each other so very different, that we may safely leave them 
unrecorded. To this may be added that the sepals and the petals 
often cannot be distinguished from each other, nor in conse- 
quence of this can the whorls of the stamens. Thus, the flower 
described on p. 418, under No. 3306 of the de Vries collection, 
presents a pentamerous whorl of enveloping parts, of which two are 
leaf-like and one is a sepal, but the other two show so doubtful 
a character as to allow no positive statement about their nature. 
Consequently this is also the case with the stamens, which to- 
gether with the half-superior, half-inferior pistil already described 
complete the flower. 
Wholly apart from the preceding, something ought to be said 
about deviation from ordinary number in connection with a devi- 
ation from the cyclic arrangement of the parts of the flower. 
The de Vries collection exhibits a couple of remarkable examples 
of this sort, of which one shows a dexter spiral, the other a 
sinister one. 1. The spiral arrangement to the left is:—S, S, 8 
(slightly foliaceous) ; Sj S, S, S (petaloid) ; S (petaloid); P (with 
thickened margin); P, P, St, St, St (with petaloid filaments) ; 
St, St, St, St: together 18 parts. Ovary abortive and indistinctly 
4-celled. 2. The spiral is turned to the right:—S (half folia- 
ceous) ; S, S (half foliaceous); S (on the inner side slightly peta- 
loid); S (half foliaceous) ; S, P, P, P, P, St (with petaloid append- 
age); P, 8 stamens: together 20 parts. Ovary very imperfect. 
Both flowers particularly small. 
Spiral arrangement probably is of rather frequent occurrence 
in Fuchsia i. No. 8411 of de Vries for instance shows two sepals 
* The stigma was pentangular and 5-lobed. 
+ The petals are appendages of two of the stamens. 
t See also p. 420 and figs. 36 and 37. 
