430 DR. J. C. COSTERUS ON MALFORMATIONS 
flower consisting of a long white calyx-tube, and normal sepals, 
petals, and stamens. The style inside this secondary flower 
belongs, of course, to the ovary placed between the peduncle 
and the first flower. 
The most natural explanation seems to be the following :—The 
upper flower is to be considered as the flower properly so- 
called; it is normal and complete in all respects, if at least we 
add the ovary to it. All the remaining parts, making up the 
undermost flower, may be looked upon as additional parts, perhaps 
formed by division of the parts of the real flower, in the same 
way as the additional sepals in Liebe's flowers (figs. 29 and 30) 
and in that of Masters (p. 415). Masters’s flower comes still 
nearer to the flower in question for the simple reason that there 
are also stamens developed above the ordinary number. From 
these and other cases mentioned before, it follows that additional 
parts of this sort may develop under, on, and even above the 
ovary. Whether they are really to be considered as products given 
off by the twelve vascular bundles, will have to be ascertained 
by anatomieal investigation. At any rate it should be kept in 
mind that the above parts are not to be confounded with those 
described in $ 1; those in $ 1 always spring from the edge of 
the calyx-tube, whereas those mentioned now are produced 
lower. 
The same point of view may be taken of the highly compli- 
cated flower (Pl. LX. fig. 42) ; in this case, too, the upper flower 
is, so to say, the primary one, whilst on the boundary between 
peduncle and flower a number of extra parts in various shapes 
are present. The extraordinary length of the upper flower 
deserves attention, and the numerous stages of metamorphosis in 
the lower one. 
If the proposed explanation is the right one, the expression 
“median prolification,” as applied to Fuchsia, obtains a different 
meaning from the ordinary one. In ordinary cases, such as in 
Roses, Anemones, Foxgloves, &c., the additional parts are pro- 
duced past the flower, in Fuchsia before the same*. 
To judge from his notes to the drawings and written commu- 
nications, Dr. Masters seems rather inclined to consider the lower 
flower as the real one; this would also seem to follow from his 
surmise that the long tube in fig. 42 may be a further stage of 
development of the honey-gland in fig. 40. 
* Only the case cited on p. 425, footnote, seems to be an instance of true 
median prolification, owing to the open ovary. 
