432 DR. J. C. COSTERUS ON MALFORMATIONS 
dédoublement at the bottom of it. That this may occur some- 
times, may be gathered from one of Heinsius's observations. In 
a pentamerous flower one of the petals was doubled in such a 
manner that the bases of the two parts did, indeed, stand next to 
one another ; but the laminas covered each other almost com- 
pletely. Consequently the whole number of petals amounted to 
six. This was also the case with the stamen opposite the petal 
mentioned, and even with one of the cells of the ovary standing 
on the same radius. In this flower, consequently, a petal, a 
stamen, and an ovary-cell, all corresponding to one another, had 
actually doubled in the most complete manner. 
3. That a sepal may be foliaceous and sometimes petal-like. 
4. That an antipetalous stamen may coalesce with the petal to 
which it is opposed. 
5. That stamens may be grown together. 
6. That a stamen may be adnate to the style. This was evident 
in an instance in which the style stands quite free in the calyx- 
tube and a stamen springing in the ordinary way from its edge 
slopes to the style, just as a ladder standing against a wall, and 
then completely grows together with it. Style and stamen are 
therefore free at their bases, but united at their upper ends. 
7. The presence of spurs on sepals, even sometimes on petals. 
About spurs on sepals, it is stated that they are hollow or solid. 
I myself observed a hollow spur in a specimen in the Zoological 
Gardens of Amsterdam. The flower attracted attention by the 
fact of the tube and the lower half of each sepal being red, but 
only the upper halves green, and toothed here and there. One 
of the sepals was small, and borea light green spur on the narrow 
basis. 
l 8. That the position of the petals is sometimes disturbed. As 
1s generally known, the petals are twisted so that one edge of a 
petal covers an adjoining one, and one is itself covered. In some 
cases recorded by Heinsius both edges of a petal were free, whilst 
of an adjoining petal either edge was covered. 
In conclusion I would again draw the attention to the stipules 
of Fuchsia. These organs seem to be very variable. As a rule 
they escape notice, and are not even mentioned in books. Still 
they exist in many (perhaps in all) cases. A stout plant with 
trimerous leaf-whorls in the Zoological Gardens of Amsterdam, 
for instance, shows them, though very small and deciduous. 
