462 A. S. Hitchcock. 
naean Herbarium to be types of the specific names published by Lin- 
naeus. On the contrary, a specimen in the Linnaean Herbarium is a 
type specimen only when it can be shown that Linnaeus based his 
description, at least in part, upon the specimen preserved in his her- 
barium. The type specimen is the specimen or one of the specimens 
from which the author drew up the description, or the specimen which 
the author had chiefly in mind when writing the description’). I have 
not determined the type specimen of Andropogon fasciculatum, but I wish 
to show that there is no evidence that the type is from America nor 
that it is the same as Chloris radiata (L.) Swartz. Dr. Thellung appa- 
rently bases his conclusions solely upon the authority of Willdenow?) 
and Roemer and Schultes?) neither of whom give reasons for in- 
cluding Andropogon fasciculatum as a synonym under Chloris radiata. 
Reverting to the original Linnaean description, we may eliminate 
from consideration the Sloane citation because it is followed by a 
question-mark, showing that this was a doubtful synonym and not the 
basis of the name. This is the only portion of the description which 
would connect the name in any way with a type specimen. The citation 
from Morison refers to a plant from India with villous spikes and should 
be eliminated because Linnaeus expressly states that the spikes of his 
Specimens are glabrous, Dr. Thellung states on the authority of 
Munro?) that there are two specimens marked Andropogon fasciculatum 
in the Linnaean Herbarium, Eleusine indica and Pollinia ciliata, but that 
Linnaeus' description does not apply to either. I did not examine these 
specimens when I made my study of the Linnaean Herbarium), but 
neither specimen mentioned would connect the name with Chloris radiata. 
The description might have been taken from the specimen of Pollinia 
ciliata though it is difficult to reconcile the phrase ,flosculis utrinque 
aristatis“. I found no specimen from America marked Andropogon fasci- 
culatum, except a specimen of Andropogon barbatum (Chloris polydactyla 
[L.] Swartz) upon which the name fasciculatum had been scratched 
over). 
Linnaeus gives the habitat as „in Indiis“ which in the first edition 
of the Species Plantarum means the region of the East Indies. It is 
improbable that Linnaeus could have had a specimen of Chloris radiata 
as this is a native of tropical America and he had received no plants 
from that region at that time, Browne's plants having been received 
later. 
1) Contr. Nat. Herb., XV (1910), p. 4. See also, op. cit., XII (1908), p. 11% 
2) Sp. PI, IV (1806), p. 925. 
3) Syst. Vog., 1I (1817), p. 607. 
4) Proc. Linn. Soc., London VI (1862), p. 53. 
5) Contr. Nat. Herb., XIII (1908), p. 114. 
6) Contr. Nat. Herb., XIII (1908), p. 126. 
