406 W. L. Bray. 
are not expanded. In F. glomerata the flowers have reached the minimum of 
diameter in the calyx tube, which is scarcely 1 mm in diameter, although 
attaining a length of 8 mm. Coincident with this filiform narrowness of 
the calyx tube is the reduction of members to K& — C4 — A4 — G3, and 
the stamens are all of different lengths, allowing the anthers more room 
for developement within the narrow space. 
Relationship of Australian species. 
To review briefly, the Australian species of Frankenia are all endemic, 
but they illustrate two very different degrees of endemism : 
4. The universally distributed species of section Toichogonia cosmo- 
polita, which are so nearly related to corresponding species in the Medi- 
terranean, Capland and Chili-Californian regions, as to suggest a compara- 
tively recent interchange between them. 
2. The purely Australian species, which are confined so far as known 
to the territory of West Australia, the endemic region par excellence of 
the continent !), and which though occurring in sections containing species 
from the Western Hemisphere, point to a very ancient isolation. 
4. South America. 
In passing to consider the Frankeniaceae of the Western Hemisphere 
we are confronted with certain conditions whose importance is emphasized 
in proportion to the isolation of these lands from those we have previouslv 
considered. 4. That what has been suggested as the modern cosmopolitan 
phase of the family recurs in the Western Hemisphere in endemie species 
with as great abundance and variety of forms as those of the two chief 
centers previously considered. 2. That of these not one species is found 
on the whole of the eastern coast of either North or South America (except 
the introduced F. pulverulenta L. in New York Harbor), but confined to 
those portions of the west coast which lie adjacent to extensive inland arid 
regions offering favorable opportunity for a varied developement. 3. That 
the isolated element, the evidently remnant species, occurs here in greater 
number of species and more extreme types than anywhere else in the 
world. 
As in the Australian species, so in South America there are three 
sections, two of which are represented in south-western North America. 
1) According to ENcLER, Entwickelungsgeschichte der Pflanzen welt 
Il, p. 42 the endemism reaches 80,08 % in West Australia, but only 40,8 % in North 
Austr., and 43,2 % in East Austr. the next highest centers of endemism. 
